the Alabama Secession Convention. That the people of the State of Mississippi hereby consent to form a federal union with such of the States as may have seceded or may secede from the Union of the United States of America, upon the basis of the present Constitution of the said United States, except such parts thereof as embrace other portions than such seceding States. "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery--the greatest material interest of the world," members declared. Large celebrations took place in the streets of Montgomery, as cheering crowds fired rockets and firecrackers, amid displays of the Southern Cross and the Lone Star emblems. WHEREAS, the action of the Northern States of the Union is violative of the compact between the States and the guarantees of the Constitution; and, Mississippi seceded from the United States on January 9, 1861. First. Alabama Secession Banner of 1861 (U.S.) Last modified: 2012-02-11 by rick wyatt Keywords: . Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The unorganized Indian Territory did not document secession and was not unanimous in its orientation, but generally supported the Confederacy. The force of events moved very quickly upon the election of Lincoln. After the state of Alabama seceded from the Union in January of 1861, a small county within the state, known as Winston County, disagreed with the decision and tried to secede from the South. . Journals of the Secession Convention, 1861 Introductory Material January 1861 February 1861 March 1861 Appendices Title Page Prefatory note List of abbreviations Chronology Preface Justification for Convention Statement of Governor Houston Proposal to elect delegates Recommendations of delegates Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Z. George, of Carroll; S. J. Gholson, of Monroe; E. H. Sanders, of Attala; J. L. Alcorn, of Coahoma; Geographic exposure to conflict between larger neighboring states also deterred secession in Delaware and Maryland. Beginning with South Carolina in December 1860, eleven Southern states and one territory[2] both ratified an ordinance of secession and effected de facto secession by some regular or purportedly lawful means, including by state legislative action, special convention, or popular referendum, as sustained by state public opinion and mobilized military force. In Missouri, the state government called a convention whose members disfavored secession. Articles. We, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance adopted by us in convention on the twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying amendments of the said Constitution, are hereby repealed; and that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the "United States of America," is hereby dissolved. Faust, Patricia L. (Patricia L. Faust ed.). Adopted January 11, 1861. The President appointed as the Committe of Fifteen to prepare Ordinance of Secession: L. Q. C. Lamar, of Lafayette; A. M. Clayton, of Marshall; G. R. Clayton, of Lowndes; Alfred C. Holt, of Wilkinson; Wiley P. Harris, of Hinds; J. Sent to referendum 6 May 1861 by the legislature, and approved by the voters by a vote of 104,471 to 47,183 on 8 June 1861. from West Virginia University in 2012 and her B.A. Originally published serially in newspapers. In Missouri and Kentucky, attempted secession was belated, severely disrupted, lacked sufficient popular support, and failed. documents The Indian Removal Act called for the "voluntary or forcible removal of all Indians . In Tennessee as in Arkansas, during the secession crisis of 1861 the support for immediate secession was weak. 2. As the secession movement grew, people in Arkansas became greatly concerned. If it was mistaken, then so am I, but it was my understanding that the early versions of the southern cross were already being introduced as the southern states began seceding. Later this month, Alabama troops seized the lighthouse tender U.S.S. Last edited on 28 December 2022, at 21:49, regarded by the Confederacy as having seceded, virtually eliminate state government control, people strongly rejected secession and favored the Union, Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, List of signers of the Georgia Ordinance of Secession, Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States", "Confederate Arizona had a population of less than 13,000 as tabulated by Census of 1860", "Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. We do further declare and ordain, That the union now subsisting between the State of North Carolina and the other States, under the title of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of North Carolina is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. We, the people of the State of Florida, in convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish, and declare, That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America and from the existing Government of the said States; and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be, and the same is hereby, totally annulled, and said Union of States dissolved; and the State of Florida is hereby declared a sovereign and independent nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted, in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded; and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union, be, and they are hereby, repealed. The people of Virginia in their ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America, adopted by them in convention on the twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, having declared that the powers granted under said Constitution were derived from the people of the United States and might be resumed whensoever the same should be perverted to their injury and oppression, and the Federal Government having perverted said powers not only to the injury of the people of Virginia, but to the oppression of the Southern slave-holding States: That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the fourth day of February, A. D. 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our common peace and security. Sec 2. Elsewhere, the Delaware legislature quickly, firmly rejected secession despite targeted lobbying from states intending to secede. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. The troops then confronted the revenue cutter U.S.S. Appomattox Courthouse. Most of the ordinances of secession were straight-forward documents referring to a state's ratification of the Constitution then withdrawing the state from it, as well as proclaiming its sovereignty, etc. An Ordinance to dissolve the Union Between The State of North Carolina and The United States, May 20, 1861. Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be, a Sovereign and Independent State. The secessionists were led primarily by Democrats, including Senator Clingman, Governor John W. Ellis (1820-1861), Congressman Thomas Ruffin (1820-1863), and former Congressman William S. Ashe (1814-1862). In 1860 Davis was on the Douglas electoral ticket and spoke in North Alabama in opposition to the secession movement. These acquisitions largely exceeded the original limits of the Republic. ________________________________________KENTUCKY A second resolution passed that enabled the remaining 24 opponents to sign a document acknowledging Alabamas decision without taking part in it. Printed document of the State of Texas' Declaration of Secession from the United States of America. Sec 2. All Texas laws and regulations must comply with the Constitution or risk being invalidated by the state courts. Passed 10 Jan 1861 Compiled with the long-term conflicts that had accrued over the past decades, many Southerners perceived Lincoln as an abolitionist bent on destroying slavery and a president who only represented the interests of the North. South CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexasVirginiaArkansasNorth CarolinaTennesseeMissouriKentucky. While historians agree that slavery was a fundamental cause of the war and southern secession, many in the public still contest this historical interpretation. Alabama's secession document blames the vagaries of the threat of the Lincoln Administration, rather than stating the defense of slavery outright. Every delegate was a white male owning, on average, 10 enslaved people. Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States. To dissolve the Union between the State of Alabama and other States united under the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America.". The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865. in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. Now the word "rights" can be found 14 times, and "right" appear 32 times in these four state secession . ________________________________________MISSISSIPPI The convention adjourned on April 27, 1861. A majority favored immediate secession while some wanted to wait until Georgia and Alabama left first. It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on. Two of these states were in the first phase of secession: Florida (third to secede on January 10, 1861) and Louisiana (sixth to secede on January 26, 1861). Tennessee's Ordinance of SecessionJune 8, 1861. Whereas, in addition to the well-founded causes of complaint set forth by this convention, in resolutions adopted on the 11th of March, A.D. 1861, against the sectional party now in power in Washington City, headed by Abraham Lincoln, he has, in the face of resolutions passed by this convention pledging the State of Arkansas to resist to the last extremity any attempt on the part of such power to coerce any State that had seceded from the old Union, proclaimed to the world that war should be waged against such States until they should be compelled to submit to their rule, and large forces to accomplish this have by this same power been called out, and are now being marshaled to carry out this inhuman design; and to longer submit to such rule, or remain in the old Union of the United States, would be disgraceful and ruinous to the State of Arkansas:
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