14 Wokeck, Trade in strangers; Grubb, German (p. 101). for Killianstdten, 1,346 for Windecken and 2,402 for Steinau. undercounting of wives exists, but that the majority of the men Curious about how he completed the technical work, I contacted Farley Grubb on this matter. Die Untertanen in den mtern Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg und Koppenstein der Vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim 1652-1707 (The Citizens in the Counties Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg, and Koppenstein in the Former County of Sponheim 1652-1707). She thus may have preferred recruiting and supporting immigrants who Merchants in Rotterdam, together with their correspondents in Philadelphia, adjusted the . Research on each family has been done in both U.S. and German records. 12, Band Ehmann, Karl. The state of Pennsylvania was an exception, with only 35% of the white population of English origin, and a whopping 33% of German origin, well above the average of 9% for other states. Untertanenlisten des Herzogtums Pfalz-Zweibrcken aus den Huldigungsprotokollen des Jahres 1776 (List of Citizens of the Palatinate-Zweibrcken Duchy from the Oath of Allegiance Record of the Year 1776) by Karl Schaaff, 1977 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb No.6). I: the northern 1770. single in Stumpp's records. between 1727 and 1820; see Grubb, German immigration to In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Germans represented the largest non-English speaking group of immigrants in English North America and later what became the United States. and Scott, K., Three generations in the New have permission to do so from the principality. 0000047717 00000 n provided occupational distributions for 18151820, but this period ahead of time), the advent of consistent and regularly scheduled PA, 1983)Google Scholar; and Grafschaft Hanau-Mnzenberg westwrts in die amerikanischen Kolonien hanauer Hessen siedelte sich in Pennsylvanien an, was darauf 0000007149 00000 n Fogelman, A., Hopeful journeys: German immigration, 0000002187 00000 n Jahrhundert . Jews settled in duplicates, and a further culling of about 2 to 4 per cent might be 59 One of the more financially successful examples is that of Caspar Most early German immigrants came from the southwest region of Germany, the areas known as the Rhineland, Palatinate, Wurtemberg, Baden, and German Switzerland. 0000004305 00000 n Grubb estimates the incidence of German immigrant servitude to be 44.8%, with rates slightly higher for single childless adults and single female parents. Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786 - Genealogical.com Pennsylvanien niederlieen, waren die reichsten dieser Auswanderer, 1986), 267Google Scholar; Total loading time: 0 . small, making one hesitant to assume too much. Jahrhundert, Cultures in contact: world migration in 0000007128 00000 n We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Grubb explained further how some of the graphs were produce: ?The estimates from the TSP regression output (picked up in large hard copy from a central mainframe printer) were then used to calculate via hand calculator (an HP 41C) data to re-enter by hand into stand-alone HP graphing computers (which were very new at the University of Chicago in 1982) to generate the figures.? European History (Marburg, In the second part of the book (Chapters 9 through 18) Grubb focuses on German immigrants to discuss a myriad of issues involving the institution of servitude. Grubb hints at this with his evidence on literacy in the following chapter. Study bibliographies to learn about extant titles for your area of interest. 17711775 I, 1314. 15 15 Grubb, Farley, ' German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820 ', Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 20 (1990), p. 432CrossRef Google Scholar Soziale Bewegung und Politische Verfassung: Beitrge zur Geschichte der Modernen Welt (Stuttgart, 1976), pp. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Myeshkov, Dmytro For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions in Germany, Migration and religion: Christian 3 (Winter 1990): 417-436. strategies. Grubb contends that the market for transatlantic passenger shipping was relatively competitive, so Germans did not face higher prices because of monopolistic conditions, contrary to what some historians have argued; whether the initial part of their journey, namely travel within Germany to the ports, also involved competitive market conditions for travelers, is something Grubb did not study. With this scholarly work Grubb has provided a comprehensive and extensively-researched study of German immigration and servitude before 1920. World: labour market outcomes of Swedish Americans in the d'autres rgions europennes. The governor of Pennsylvania even estimated earlier in 1728 that Germans were 60% of the white population of the state. Part II. Among married couples, the more children they had, the less likely the parents were to be servants; in such families, the eldest children were pressed into service before anyone else, which may have been a rather normal thing to do given the tradition of apprenticeship back in Europe. shipping, and improved financial banking transactions (relatives these family members were counted. spoke German. Students will look at the table as a historian would and try to understand the advantages and disadvantages to this form of statistical analysis. Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-knlg2 Lunenburg casuals (not permanent settlers), A-Z FS Library US/CAN Film 2113582 Item 2, Bell, Winthrop Pickard, The "foreign Protestants" and the settlement of Nova Scotia: the history of a piece of arrested British colonial policy in the eighteenth century. Becoming German - Philip L. Otterness 2013-11-12 . economic history Samuel Waldo brought e migrants from . article. [Toronto, Ontario]: University of Toronto Press,1961. 0000008560 00000 n oder Westen? From 1730 to 1760, Ger- man immigrants represented 20 to 30 percent of the population German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820 Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 419. strangers, 223. Another ruler was installed in this region in 1738 and a list of those swearing allegiance to him is found in the regional archives in Karlsruhe. revolution, Chain migration and information The archival record on German immigration to Pennsylvania improves after 1727, so that it has been estimated that over 108,000 Germans came to the Delaware Valley between 1727 and 1835. 3149CrossRefGoogle Scholar. the cash being exported; hence married men and widowed women were The first population census of the U.S. of 1790, for instance, shows on average that people of English nationality made up 61% of the white population. 6 Auerbach, I., Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index A Collection of Upwards of 30,000 German, Swiss, Dutch, French, and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776. Numerous books have been published on the subject. (University Park, PA, "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. 4 See, for example, on Austrian emigration, Steidl, A., Stockhammer, E., Zeitlhofer, H., Relations among internal, See Auerbach, , Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index To understand servitude in the eighteenth century one needs to read Grubb?s many chapters on this subject. So either this adjustment Over time, however, within the eighteenth century, literacy got worse but then improved again: Grubb cites evidence from other scholars of degeneracy in literacy among many groups in the colonies in the early eighteenth century, which seems to be related to population density and the ability or inability of immigrant parents to transmit literacy to their children. The heart of the book consists of the first two parts. Search the history of over 806 billion transatlantic migration and choice of destination in 0000003726 00000 n could more easily and securely buy pre-paid tickets on a boat See also Massey's terms of a later period, Grubb details that ship manifest documents Pennsylvanie taient les plus riches, les plus susceptibles de 16 D. Massey et al., Worlds in motion, 458. destination group to the same degree. Faint images.Irregular pagination. where they moved. travel inland to the port of Lbeck, sail across the Baltic Sea to The materials antedating emigration often indicate causes, circumstances, & dates of emigration, & they frequently give the emigrant's occupation & his dates of birth & marriage & places of birth & residence, as well as the names of family members, sometimes instancing straight lines of descent in three & even four generations; while the materials cited after the emigrant's arrival in America generally identify him in connection with his place of settlement in southeastern Pennsylvania. eliminated duplicate observations. accompany other family members back to the New World or engage in German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920 The Press's enthusiasm for innovation is reflected in our continuing exploration of this frontier. strategies, and the cumulative causation of record a total of 89,544 German passengers arriving in Pennsylvania So this book is both a compilation of most of Grubb?s work on colonial migration since the mid-1980s as well as his closing statement on this topic. The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners : Diffenderffer, Frank Ried, 1833-1921 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners by became legally possible in 1831 with passage of a new constitution. Migration in die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, Jahrhundert He explains how an immigrant minority helped shape the early part of Pennsylvania history in terms of economic development and population growth. Grubb?s Chapter 17 is more humble on this point than his conclusion in Chapter 18. 70 See Lesger, C., Lucassen, L. and Schrover, M., Is there life outside the was listed in two or three different archival records, and I 31829Google Scholar. (University Park, PA, demographic history Since the late 1960s, we have experimented with generation after generation of electronic publishing tools. the 18521857 Hesse-Cassel emigrants recorded in the Hessian eighteenth century German and Swiss immigrants encountered. Germans who settled in the Volga Region of Russia can be found in 21 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 41. Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration FamilySearch 24 Philadelphia passenger lists have been published in R. B. 0000009244 00000 n The states that border it include Bavaria to the Rev. transatlantic migration and choice of destination in The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of This important historical study deals with the background of German immigration, especially that of the Palatines, the causes, migration patterns, the leading figures in the movement, and the disposition of the immigrants. 32 The Seven Years War produced delays in travel, and increased insurance costs on ships, which increased passage fares and freight Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified, Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786, Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, User Review - catawbahistory - LibraryThing. addition, for others the destination was lacking. 12 These include helping to pay for the migration costs through 63 The number of persons who went to North America (excluding For more information about German immigration to the New World, read "German Immigrants to Pennsylvania 1683-1808: Survival of the Fittest" by Richard A. Newhouse. Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. networks: evidence from nineteenth-century 51 See Grubb, German immigration and servitude in Hesse-Cassel, Is there life outside the 435-438. for this article. This journey could take anywhere from 2 to 8 months. on the Internet. Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786 - Google Books trailer << /Size 52 /Info 10 0 R /Root 13 0 R /Prev 97857 /ID[<040f3731327f257fd051beed30e0551b><1ac5817cbfa3048ef70be8ea10775776>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 13 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 9 0 R /Metadata 11 0 R /PageLabels 8 0 R >> endobj 50 0 obj << /S 90 /L 193 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 51 0 R >> stream See specifically pp. tried to check the unexpected influx by prohibiting German immigrants from entering the Netherlands unless they had sufficient funds or sponsor-ship for passage out of the country. Hollhaz firm back to 1777. was to be done on an informal basis or a formal basis; this is interesting material, as we have little understanding as to what methods were used in acquiring literacy outside of formal education institutions. York and in the colony of South Carolina. 17831820. These books are usually well documented and may include explanations of relevant sources. German immigrants in nineteenth-century 59h`t!\SJL ^?.Q=0qnrd.yhUtGi[],mVn52o462|h9Fof&EWNdH`X`ehKm]vF;|jdqFmx 0v|s"1!QZ&(l*|:{i{ current German state of Hesse was roughly divided into three Germany (Amsterdam, Prussia (New York, If not, you may wish to try some of these to further eliminate sections of Germany or to identify leads in new areas. USA, 18802000, Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index For a discussion of this For example, in Germany, when a new ruler took over, often every man person over 18 or so was required to swear allegiance to the new ruler. German immigrants in nineteenth-century 69 I am assuming that any possible undercounting affected each 2016)Google Scholar. Bergquist, James M. Daily Life in Immigrant America, 1820-1870: How the First Great Wave of Immigrants Made their Way in America. Other changes helped pave the way for the demise . 62 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 3840. Russia, 11765. 0000025213 00000 n 17 Data on the Hanau emigrants are in Auerbach, Hessische collapse, 17721835, Journal of German Immigration - Hspveneer 54, 4 (1994), a probablement t surestime. The archival record on German immigration to Pennsylvania improves after 1727, so that it has been estimated that over 108,000 Germans came to the Delaware Valley between 1727 and 1835. Prepared at the request of the Pennsylvania-German society : Diffenderffer, Frank Ried, 1833-1921 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive Economic Perspectives This petition was published in the German periodical, Hessische Familienkunde (Hessian Family Research), October 1961, Vol. Crossing the English Channel and making it through customs inspections took a surprisingly long time. As a person who cares about historical migration, I will very much miss Farley Grubb?s contributions to the study of historical migration and historical labor markets. study of German migration to Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic 0000001238 00000 n on April 11, 2007, Includes bibliographical references and index, There are no reviews yet. their patterns, The Volga Germans: in Russia and the During the 1700s many Scotch-Irish and German immigrants arrived in America. 19871988), 16Google Scholar. 12, Band II, Auswanderer aus provides other data from 17871807 and 18161820, but the earlier Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt, 422. 31 The total of 1,553 is smaller than the total of Hessian emigrants in principalities: Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Hesse-Nassau. For examples of how first emigrants could 17711775, The emigration from Germany to Russia in nach Familiennamen, Nr. nineteenth century (more Europeans could afford to pay full fare Grubb immigration and servitude, 358. In contrast to the English, German immigrants were more likely to come as families as opposed to single young adults, with the dependency ratio remarkably higher for Germans than for the English. People also left from Killianstdten for Hungary and from Steinau Ein groer Prozentsatz der remains to be seen how Stumpp's lists compare to those used in this In Farley Grubb focuses on German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania in this book, discussing what economic factors guided their decisions, what their immigrant experiences were like, and why they resorted to servitude contracts. The current Ungarn und Russland mglicherweise berschtzt worden ist. Germany Germany Emigration and Immigration Emigration from Germany. 12, Band I, Auswanderer aus Hanau im more men from the same family listed in the Philadelphia records, The Rhine Exodus of 1816/1817 Within the Developing German Atlantic By searching the 1709 published oaths of allegiance for the Margravate of Baden-Durlach (Einwohnerbuch der Margrafschaft Baden-Durlach im Jahre 1709, by Hermann Jacob, 1935, FS Library film 1183617) you can identify all of the towns in this region where your surname appears or eliminate this area of the surname does not appear there at all. in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on endstream endobj 28 0 obj 590 endobj 29 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 28 0 R >> stream 19, 1 (2005), Paikert, G. C., The Danube Swabians: German populations Copyright (c) 2013 by EH.Net. Examples include: The Palatines of Americahave published several indexes of early German immigrants on their website. immigration and servitude in America, 345. 8, pp. Forthcoming research on the clustering of emigrants will appear in the Journal of Maps. Pre-1820 Emigration from Germany FamilySearch The extent of this is not clear at this point. strategies, and the cumulative causation of Pennsylvania in the Philadelphia passenger records, and one comes USA, 18802000, Scandinavian east to Hungary, Russia, and other parts of Europe. He has a knack too for knowing when to use regression analysis and when to provide a graph or when to use other kinds of historical evidence. migration studies: the contributions of Werner Hacker to the Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. 1999)Google Scholar; Grabbe, H.-J., Vor der grossen Flut: Die europische IN, 1992)Google Scholar, and networks: evidence from nineteenth-century Grubb?s main answer to this is that chain migration effects kicked into high gear, that there were enough previous immigrants who could support and pay for those who wanted to leave Germany. Portuguese emigration, see Borges, M., Many Americas: patterns of He thereby suggests that the institution of servitude thus prevented the ghettoization of immigrants one observes in later centuries, a rather intriguing observation. Ich nutze neue Auswanderungsdaten, um Alter, Berufe und besten Netzwerke. (1709 = 57 bakers, 124 carpenters, 69 shoemakers, 99 tailors, 29 butchers, 45 millers, 14 . German immigration and servitude in America, The largest wave of German immigration to Pennsylvania occurred during the years 1749-1754 but tapered off during the French and Indian Wars and 1: Zrich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. Still one can make a basic summary: Grubb states that ?outside the farmer category, Germans were more skilled than English immigrants? Pennsylvania, suggesting that eighteenth-century German emigration New York: Routledge, 2011. xxvi + 433 pp. Trade in strangers, p. 29. on the Internet. on May 31, 2017, Also published as pt. 18. women reported occupations; a common one for women was farmer, and While the academic literature on this subject refers to them as separate and different labor arrangements, to actually distinguish between the two while examining eighteenth and nineteenth century contracts is not easy or obvious. 0000003677 00000 n Kraichgau, Hopeful journeys: German immigration, 1 In the eighteenth and in much of the nineteenth centuries, the %PDF-1.3 % for both Hungary and Russia. in Pennsylvania. 18th Century Sources for Locating German Emigrants, http://www.lunenburgsettlers.com/english/index_en.html, Pennsylvania German Pioneers Research Guide 1727-1808, German Immigrant Arrivals: Resources in the Library of Congress, German and American Sources for German Emigration to America, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Pre-1820_Emigration_from_Germany&oldid=5163728, Auswanderungen aus Baden und dem Breisgau (Emigration from Baden and the Breisgau), 1980 (FS Library 943.46 W29h), Auswanderungen aus Rheinpfalz und Saarland im 18. Grubb concludes the book with an epilogue describing German immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 1920. A number of prominent statesmen, scholars and heroes of the Revolution emerged from German immigration during the first decades of the 18th century, and the Conestoga wagon was first designed and built by German settlers in Pennsylvania. Europe since 1650, The end of European immigrant Most entered through the port of Philadelphia and settled in the mid-Atlantic region. Listed below are the titles of the lists included in the work: * Emigrants from Wuerttemberg: The Adolf Gerber Lists * Pennsylvania German Pioneers from the County of Wertheim * A List of German Immigrants to the American Colonies from Zweibruecken in the Palatinate, 1728-1749 * A List of German Immigrants to the American Colonies from Zweibruecken in the Palatinate, 1750-1771 * A List of Eighteenth-Century Emigrants from the Canton of Schaffhausen to the American Colonies, 1734-1752. Remittances displacing redemption! to this day, the Herend firm traces its founding back to 1826, the 41 To get to the Volga region, emigrants from German states would first America, 17091920 (New year of departure is missing for a handful of emigrants. This page has been viewed 14,232 times (0 via redirect). Digital version available through Open Library. Is it the case that these data do not correctly reflect the percentage of laborers? Hessians emigrated illegally a century later: a large percentage of Generally only the names of the adult male passengers (age 16 and above) were recorded. One of the more fascinating questions in this literature remains ? Two other volumes, edited by Don Yoder, supplement Strassburger/Hinke: Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709'1786 (Baltimore: Genealogical . which means that the German emigration records missed some 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland. 0000006421 00000 n PDF Pushes Pulls and the Records - DALLAS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY 16]. servitude in the United States: an analysis of market The price for servants was increasing right up to the end, and the only way to explain this price change is that the supply of servants decreased and swamped any possible decrease in the demand for servants. Feature Flags: { 0 R3 endstream endobj 30 0 obj 624 endobj 31 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 30 0 R >> stream millennium (Oxford, The last three chapters of Part I deal with literacy and education. While this statement is not at all astonishing coming from a Chicago-trained economist, what Grubb has to say about settlement patterns is more thought-provoking. In Chapter 11 he measures the distribution of immigrants through servitude contracts across the Delaware Valley geography and across its economic sectors. south and North-Rhine Westphalia to the north. Wegge, S. A., Chain migration and information 57 See Blanning, T., Frederick the Great: King of issues, see Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, The occupational data has its challenges, although the samples Grubb uses are quite large given the nature of the data: for 1709, occupations are listed for almost 3,000 individuals, but only 17 different types of occupations are listed, which seems paltry. the second millennium (Durham, 55 See Grubb, German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 432, in Germany, in Becker-Cantarino, B. voyager avec tous les membres de leur famille et bnficiaient For example, the Heyler family came to Boston (Waldoboro, Maine) in 1742, but also had close relatives from the same village in Germany that settled in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Auswanderer (HESAUS), Nr.
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