At this late date Bobby Kennedy still opposed the coup and Maxwell Taylor sided with him, while other officials looked ahead to the composition of a future Saigon government, or focused on tactics or the balance of forces on the coup and palace sides. Our mission is to engage, educate, and inspire all learners to discover and explore the records of the American people preserved by the National Archives. Bin Tnh Sng - (Hoi cm ca Trn khc Knh). The National Security Archive has participated in these debates by introducing important new evidence and interpretation. Letter From Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem - The Vietnam War what is a connect argument i can argue that links these articles at home and abroad and discourage any who might wish to impose a foreign hc t mt s tun tit (TS Lm L Trinh) of American aid given directly to your Government can serve to assist Viet-Nam [8] This quote appears in the Church Committees interim report on Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders (p. 221), as well as the note card we present here, compiled by committee staffer Rhett Dawson on June 29, 1975. Ngo Dinh Diem explains why he rejects national elections (July 1955) Ngo Dinh Diem decrees the death sentence (May 1959) I am Such a government would, I hope, President, if I was manager of a baseball team, [and] I had one pitcher, Id keep him in the box whether he was a good pitcher or not. Robert McNamara proposes increases in US troops (July 1965) Tng Thng Ng Gi nh Mnh (T Gn - Si Gn Nh), Bn Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, v. IV: Vietnam, August-December 1963. The US Congress Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 1964) nh Dim JFKPapers: NSF: Country File: b. State visit by Ngo Dinh Diem to the United States - Wikipedia The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. APUSH Chapter 25 Flashcards | Quizlet One of themthe easiest, Minh saidwas to assassinate two of Diems brothers while keeping Diem himself as a figurehead. Letter from President View Full Article in Timesmachine , See the article in its original context from. own continuing efforts, will contribute effectively toward an independent George Ball argued that Nhu in the ascendant was impossible to live with, making the coup imperative, but the questions were mooted that day when the Vietnamese generals postponed their coup plot. The American government viewed South Vietnam's situation as a cry for ISBN: 978-0-7006-1690-9, Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945-1975 The United States' changing connection with Vietnam is demonstrated by the letters from Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy to President Ngo Dinh Diem, as Anderson's chapter "The United States and Vietnam" in-depth examines. Contrary to fears expressed at the October 29 White House meeting, when the coup began on November 1, President Diem and his forces were fairly quickly corralled in the Gia Long Palace. Ho Chi Minh appeals to the American people (May 1964) December 11, 2009, The Last Brahmin: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and the Making of the Cold War 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The purpose of this offer is to assist the Fordham University Center This present E-book opens (Document 1) with the record of a July 19, 1963, encounter between CIA Station Chief John Richardson and Diems brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, who ran many of South Vietnams special services and was increasingly seen as the power behind the presidency. Excerpts from the Paris Peace Accords (January 1973) We strive for accuracy and fairness. On this date, President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam addressed a Joint Meeting of Congress. As the fall progressed in Washington, numerous lists were drawn up of South Vietnamese leaders who could potentially replace the Diem government. No permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook. Martin Luther Kings Beyond Vietnam speech (April 1967) Eisenhower asked Kennedy: "Suppose they try to . While Lodge was still in transit to Vietnam, Diem declared martial law and his military forces raided the Buddhist pagodas that were believed to be sheltering those behind the latest anti-government protests. Under Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy, the USA had given millions of dollars to prop up the French in Vietnam, and had sent military advisers to support Ngo Dinh Diem's corrupt, anti-communist . No Technical Directorate, VN Coastal Raiders Edward C. Keefer. October 23, 1954. McCone said he felt that Kennedy agreed. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. ISBN:978-0-7006-1634-3, The Ghosts of Langley: Into the CIA's Heart of Darkness [1] Thomas L. Hughes, telephone interview, September 12, 2020. Deputy Director of the Office of Southeast Asian Affairs, Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs, Department of State, Paul Kattenburg met with President Diem for three hours on August 28. Eisenhower sent a letter to Ngo Dinh Diem, the Prime Minister of South Vietnam, with America's plans and motives in efforts to gain the trust of a possible new American ally. Luke A. Nichter, For more information, contact Once American policymakers became aware that the coup plotters considered assassination a potential part of their plan they proceeded very carefully. Pham Van Dong on Geneva, Vietnamese independence (July 1954) 204, f.: Vietnam: Subjects: Top Secret Cables (Tab C) 10/3-10/27/63.. By Tillman Durdinspecial To the New York Times. in the formidable project of the movement of several hundred thousand loyal Rusk said that a cable should be sent to Lodge to assess the proposed coup and whether the U.S. should try to more actively exert influence. [5] But almost simultaneously in Saigon, the CIA electrified Washington when operative Lucien Conein ran into General Tran Van Don at the airport and the two held a meeting that night where the ARVN officer affirmed that the generals now had a specific plan, and Don got Conein to agree to meet the top plotter several days later. The White Houses response to the Geneva declaration (July 1954) with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly I am, accordingly, instructing the American Ambassador to Viet-Nam to examine with you in your capacity as Chief of Government, how an intelligent program of American aid given directly to your government can serve to assist Viet-Nam in its present hour of trial, provided that your Government is prepared to give assurances as to the standards of performance it would be able to maintain in the event such aid were supplied. v. t. e. Ng nh Dim, the President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States, the main ally of his government, in 1957. Lodge was the first diplomat to meet with LBJ as president. Joint Statement Following Discussions With President Diem of Viet-Nam Internet History Sourcebooks: Modern History - Fordham University by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their The implications of the Nhu spoke out in response to signals that the U.S. planned to cut foreign aid, dismissing the speculation by saying that South Vietnam had sufficient reserves to operate for twenty years. Vietnam War: The Essential Reference Guide - Barnes & Noble President Eisenhower: Letter to Ngo Dinh Diem October 23, 1954 [At this Site] Beginning US "humanitarian" aid. A Viet Cong guerrilla tells of the Tet offensive (1968) Ho Chi Minh on founding the Inodchinese Communist Party (1930) Eisenhower's Letter of Support to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954 Dear Mr. President: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. Statement on Student and Faculty Academic Rights and Responsibilities. (Credit:LBJ Presidential Library). Bin Tnh Sng - (Hoi cm ca Trn khc Knh). JFK Papers: NSF: Country File: b. President Kennedy meets with newly-appointed Ambassador to South VietnamHenry Cabot Lodge. state, capable of resisting attempted subversion or aggression through Xin vui lng lu bt tng nim n cc v Anh Hng ca QLVNCH Don reported that Harkins clarified that his remarks about the non-desirability of a coup were inadvertent. a leaflet calling for the people to rise up against the oppressor Diem; A letter to the Vietnamese Army telling them that Diem is just carrying on French colonialism; a 41-page document alleging Diem crimes against the people; and a leaflet that said "For the past eight years our land . A US reporter discusses South Vietnamese military weaknesses (1973) US Senate debate on the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 1964) of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened [6] Document 18 is the record of Coneins encounter with General Duong Van Minh on October 5. Vn Ph Trn Vn Hng, Thiu Tng Phm but a succession (Document 20). According to Lodges report of the two-hour discussion, many of the points he raised were nearly verbatim with those he discussed with Kennedy on August 15 including the importance of U.S. public opinion, the role of Madame Nhu, and the recent unrest in Saigon. Together, these materials offer comprehensive documentation on the Kennedy administrations August coup talk. ngh sao v C TT Ng nh Dim? Kennedy responds to a question on Vietnam (February 1962) b mt c tit l sau 40 nm (T Gn) Description: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles (from left) greet South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem at Washington National Airport. Nhng Letter From Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem - The Vietnam War A Letter From Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem October 23, 1954 Dear Mr. President, I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Vietnam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam Addressed a Joint Meeting of They emphasized, we believe that Vietnam is not faced with any serious shortage of effective non-Communist leadership. Thomas L. Hughes, INRs director, remains proud today of the list his experts assembled in 1963. He also spoke of how in a previous coup (1960), time had played in favor of Diem, not against him. Ho Chi Minhs declaration of independence (September 1945) By the time John F. Kennedy was president, the situation seemed hopeful for a momentlong enough for JFK to think of Vietnam as a sort of laboratory where he could try out tactics and techniques. o chnh m st TT Ng nh Dim (Aladin Nguyen), Phng But it was too late. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have been following The National Security Archive is committed to digital accessibility. [3] State cable, DepTel 412, EYES ONLY, September 15, 1963. McGeorge Bundy memo on attacking North Vietnam (February 1965) JFK Library: John Newman Papers, Notebook, August 24-31, 1963.. Ng nh Dim: Th thch u tin (HNT & TTN), TT He had no time to acclimate. Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University Center On October 23, Don had another get-together with CIAs Conein (Document 21) where he demanded assurances on the U.S. stance and the intelligence officer was able to answer in a way that satisfied Washington guidelines. Compare this with Items 9 (audio), 10 and 11 of E-book 302, December 11, 2009. Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research Thomas L. Hughes made notes of White House conversations with National Security Council staff member Michael Forrestal and Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs Roger Hilsman during August 24-28, 1963, which he referred to as coup planning week. Vietnam took up most of the discussions, including criticism of Nhus explanation for the series of events that led to the pagoda raids which Forrestal said was what he wanted us to hear. They agreed that the Diem government could not survive another 12 months. Ultimately his refusal to make any substantial changes to meet the needs of the people led to extreme civil unrest and eventually a coup by dissident South Vietnamese generals in which Diem and his brother were murdered. By that I was saying that, if Diem was removed we would have not one coup . Compare this with Document 10 here, and Items 9 (audio), 10 and 11 of E-book 302. 35+ YEARS OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACTION, FOIA Advisory Committee Oversight Reports, The Diem Coup After 50 Years John F. Kennedy and South Vietnam, 1963, Kennedy Considered Supporting Coup in South Vietnam, August 1963, The Last Brahmin: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and the Making of the Cold War, William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster, Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945-1975, The Ghosts of Langley: Into the CIA's Heart of Darkness. After a September lull, the coup plotters in Saigon began to strengthen in early October. disassembling Kennedy's firm but cautious action in the Cuban missile crisis resulted in the _________ of Russian missiles. Step-by-step explanation As discussed in the chapter titled "The United States and Vietnam" by Anderson, the letter written by President Dwight Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem on October 23, 1954 provides evidence to support the notion that the United States' link with Vietnam changed through time. The cycle of meetings opened on Monday, August 26, after the Hilsman cable had been sent and when the object was whether to confirm the instruction it had contained. US security briefings on Ngo Dinh Diem and his regime (1958-1960) He was an extraordinary character, while he became increasingly difficult in the last few months. McCone shot back that the best line was no line. 328 (April 6, 1965) 242 Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense: Excerpt from Memorandum for President Lyndon Johnson (April 21, 1965) 244 Ho Chi Minn: Letter to Lyndon Johnson (February 15, 1967) 245 US Defence pamphlet: Know Your Enemy: the Viet Cong (March 1966) Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam, Conscription of Vietnamese peasants for service in World War I (1916) I am, accordingly, instructing the American Ambassador to Viet-Nam to examine According to recollections by DCI John McCone, made in the course of interviews conducted by the Church Committee in 1975, he met with President John F. Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy on or around October 5 after Conein reported that Big Minh discussed a possible assassination plan. When, that May, Ngo Dinh Diems government got into a political confrontation with Vietnamese Buddhists, American frustration increased. The Government of the United States expects that this aid will be met by performance on the part of the Government of Viet-Nam in undertaking needed reforms. Eisenhower's Letter of Support to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954 Dear Mr. President: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. contribution to the welfare and stability of the Government of Viet-Nam. But within hours he would be deposed and 24 hours later summarily executed by the military. Officials in Saigon, especially Conein, who acted as intermediary with the coup plotters, were instructed to listen to their plans but to avoid having any input or recommending any specific option especially regarding assassination. The CIA learned of a talk he had had with ARVN commanders in the Saigon area where Nhu asserted that a cutoff of foreign aid would not be a problem because South Vietnam had enough foreign currency reserves to continue for 20 years. The purpose of this offer is to assist the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2008, pp. On the morning of October 24, Don saw Conein at Tan Son Nhut airport. One day later, Ambassador Lodge received the infamous DepTel 243, the Hilsman cable (2003 E-book, Document 2; E-book 302, Document 1). In addition, Minh said it was vital that American foreign aid would continue to flow after a coup. The receptions during the visit were in large part organized by the American . EISENHOWER'S LETTER TO NGO DINH DIEM, October 23, 1954 Ngo Dinh Diem - 1046 Words | Bartleby President Eisenhower complimented President Ngo Dinh Diem on the remarkable achievements of the Republic of Viet-Nam under the leadership of President Ngo Dinh Diem since he took office in July 1954. Cross examination of Captain Ernest Medina (1970), Muhammad Ali explains his refusal to fight in Vietnam (March 1967) The South Vietnamese demands for American support became more insistent in the second half of August, 1963, and the posting presented the National Security Council (NSC) and State Department records of a series of White House meetings and other U.S. deliberations over a coup in Saigon. ISBN:978-0-3002-1780-3, William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster Government of Viet-Nam. Here we add Krulaks records on the other meetings (Documents 9, 11) and Bromley Smiths handwritten notes, from which he derived the records we had previously posted (Documents 10, 12). Here we step back to take a broader view, not just focusing on the events of August but on the full panoply. In 2009 the Kennedy Library made a release of the tapes that actually covered the White House conversations of late August. It hopes that such aid, combined with your own continuing efforts, will Oval Office, August 15, 1963 (Photo: Abbie Rowe; JFK Library,AR8072-A). Eisenhower made it clear to Diem that U.S. aid to his government during. aggression through military means. I have been unable to find the claimed McCone quote in any contemporary record. It hopes that such aid, combined with your own continuing efforts, will contribute effectively toward an independent Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. The Documents - The Wars for Viet Nam - Vassar College The quote has been used in virtually every account of the Diem coup written since that time. We have been exploring ways and means An Australian press report on the Tet offensive (February 1968) Eisenhower made it clear to Diem that U.S. aid to his government during Vietnams hour of trial was contingent upon his assurances of the standards of performance [he] would be able to maintain in the event such aid were supplied. Eisenhower called for land reform and a reduction of government corruption. The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive collaborators within. Secretary of State Dean Rusk remarked that were on the road to disaster, posing the alternatives as whether to move U.S. troops into Vietnam or get our resources out. Episodes 1-4 | National Archives READ MORE: How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 U.S. Presidents. B. hinder an alliance between Iranian and Vietnamese communists. Program of the National Liberation Front or Viet Cong (1962) While Minh said he did not expect U.S. support for a coup, he wanted to ensure that no effort would be made to thwart a change in government. Nhu continued his plotting, which eventually led to a plan to launch government raids against the most important Buddhist pagodas in Saigon and Hue (Document 5). Rust; fromRust's articleon Conein inStudies in Intelligence (cia.gov). The Department On the morning of October 5, Lucien Conein, acting as intermediary, met with Gen. Duong Van Big Minh. LBJ Library: Bromley K. Smith Papers, b. His methods and policies, particularly his persecution of South Vietnam's Buddhist population, were divisive and controversial. New Light in a Dark Corner: Evidence on the Diem Coup in South Vietnam This website is created and maintained by Alpha History. Secretary of State Dean Rusk proposed that regular meetings of the group be conducted similar to the Cuban Missile Crisis meetings of the Ex Comm. On the evening of September 7, Ngo Dinh Nhu called a meeting of all senior South Vietnamese military commanders in the Saigon area. Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. President Dwight Eisenhower: Letter to Ngo Dinh Diem (October 23, 1954) 241 National Security Action Memorandum No. 183-186. Again, the 2003 E-book presented an array of materials on these events (Documents 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), ranging from Kennedys White House sessions to monitor events, to the CIA daily situation reports, to a cable relating several versions of how Diem and Nhu died, to a CIA retrospective analysis of press coverage of the deaths. Ngo Dinh Nhu explained to U.S. officials the series of events that led to the pagoda raids and the declaration of martial law. to examine with you in your capacity as Chief of Government, bow an intelligent program of b mt c tit l sau 40 nm (T Gn), Nhng Letters to Diem - wwhsenglish.pbworks.com Letter from President Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam, October 23, 1954 DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. Please visit and sign our Ngo Dinh Diem - Wikipedia Cht ca TT Ng nh Dim (Aladin Nguyen) Nhu commented that the South Vietnamese military officers, many of whom were Buddhist themselves, started off in sympathy with the Buddhists following the uprising that occurred in Hue on May 8. American aid given directly to your Government can serve to assist Viet-Nam in its present in its present hour of trial, provided that your Government is prepared As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Text of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution approved by the U.S. Congress, August 7th, 1964. this page, 24, f.: Meetings on Vietnam, August-November 1963.. John F. Kennedy notably remarked there was no point to a coup if it would not work. Today's posting also features a dramatic handwritten proclamation on November 1, 1963, from the doomed Diem demanding thatthe South Vietnamese Army follow his orders. While the forces at the disposal of the coup plotters remained inferior to those commanded by Diem and Nhu, if the U.S. were to back a coup attempt it was important that it was successful. Another consistent theme among American planners was that there was no clear frontrunner, and it was unclear whether the next government would be civilian or whether it would share power with the military for a time. At the same time, there was a growing view within the South Vietnamese government that Nhu was disliked, hated, feared, or distrusted at all levels in the bureaucracy, the military establishment and urban elite circles., JFK Papers: NSF: Country File, b.200, f.: Vietnam 10/610/14/63, CIA Reports.. There were more contacts with the Vietnamese generals. This shows that Nhu, even when calm, as Richardson observes, obsessed with Buddhists spreading propaganda and hiding communist agents among their monks at some of the most important pagodas. The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive collaborations within. 24, f.: Meetings on Vietnam, August-November 1963.. It hopes that such aid, combined with your own continuing efforts, will contribute effectively toward an independent Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. t. e. Ng nh Dim ( / djm / [1] or / zim /; [2] Vietnamese: [ n jm] ( listen); 3 January 1901 - 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician who was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954-1955), and then served as the first president of South Vietnam ( Republic of Vietnam) from 1955 until he . Anonymous poem about French oppression in Vietnam (1900) Full text is unavailable for this digitized archive article. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. met with President John F. Kennedy alone in the Oval Office for his farewell meeting prior to leaving for Vietnam. The Government of the United States expects that this Nixon announces deployment of US troops in Cambodia (April 1970) JFKL: Roger Hilsman Papers, b. . Years later, when the Church Committee was investigating the CIA (in 1975), McCone quoted himself telling John F. Kennedy, in precise words that he remembered very clearly, Mr. The Government of the United States expects that this aid will be met by performance on the part of the Government of Viet-Nam in undertaking needed reforms. a de facto rule and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. On November 1 we have the PICL which shows the coup underway (Document 25). Edict of Emperor Minh Mang against Christians in Vietnam (1833) maintaining a strong, viable state, capable of resisting attempted subversion or Johnson justifies involvement in Vietnam (April 1965) White House conversations took place without any principal figures changing their minds about the Saigon situation. both at home and abroad and discourage any who might wish to impose a foreign ideology on For more information please refer to our Terms of Use. Nhu suggested that he was not a central figure in the actions undertaken against the Buddhists, although he was in support of them. Roger Hilsman-Michael Forrestal, Potential Kennedy-Diem Letter, September 12, 1963. He represented the Pagoda Raids as some sort of victory for Diem, absolved Nhu of responsibility for them, pictured Diem as a man of integrity who had tried to carry out all the promises he had made to the United States, and framed Vietnamese Buddhism as manipulated by Cambodia. An American press report on the Binh Xuyen (April 1955) John F. Kennedy Library: JFK Papers: National Security File; Country File, b. Robert F. Kennedys Kansas State University speech (March 1968) Eisenhowers letter of support to Ngo Dinh Diem (October 1954) John F. Kennedy, Eisenhower's successor in the White House, would increase the commitment of U.S. resources in support of the Ngo Dinh Diem regime in South Vietnam and of non-communist. 4, f.: Vietnam 9/119/20/63 [II]. Diem agreed to the needed reforms stipulated as a precondition for receiving aid, but he never actually followed through on his promises. Cross examination of Lieutenant William Calley (1970) The Presidents Intelligence Checklist for the morning of November 1 began with an update that a coup had begun in Saigon. We have been exploring ways and means to permit our aid to Viet-Nam to be more We present both the audio of that meeting and a transcription of it crafted by Luke Nichter. Viet Minh call to arms against the Japanese (March 1945) needed reforms. President Kennedy acted mostly as moderator. permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook. The CIAs chronology of its contacts with ARVN plotters (Document 13) shows that the initial contacts which plunged Washington into a frenzy of deliberations on whether to support a coup in Saigon occurred that day. According to Coneins report to CIA Headquarters, he did not address Harkins comments but assured Don that Lodge would speak to Harkins.
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