Scan J Gastroenterol. Summary Milk thistle may increase breast milk production in women who are lactating, though very little research has been done to confirm its effects. Fried, M.; Navarro, V.; Afdhal, N. et al. People may also find it painful and worry about its effects on their appearance. 5 Brain Supporting Supplements Youll Want In Your Medicine, According to the International OCD Foundation, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), UltraThistle, the highest potency milk thistle formula, Review on the Chemistry and Neuroprotective Effects of Silymarin. In fact, in studies where high doses were used for long periods, only about 1% of people experienced side effects (1). Multiple Myeloma vs. Leukemia: What Are the Differences? One study also found that it may slightly extend the life expectancy of people with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholic liver disease (10). 2018;9:1903. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01903, Soleimani V, Delghandi PS, Moallem SA, Karimi G. Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review. Silybin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis, Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review, Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice, Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of vitamin E on chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies. This flowering plant can help control blood sugar levels and enhance bone health. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Drug class: Herbal products. Minerals for OCD People mainly use the supplement to treat liver conditions. 2016 Jul;41(7):1662-72. doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-1881-5. Accessed at naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com on April 1, 2020. J Tradit Complement Med. Other SSRIs on the market include Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Paroxatine (Paxil), and Sertraline (Zoloft) (3). Would you like email updates of new search results? Milk thistle. Milk thistle may have been combined with other plants or extracts in a specific preparation to treat these conditions. In test-tube and animal studies, silymarin has been shown to prevent oxidative damage to brain cells, which could help prevent mental decline (16, 17). This prickly plant has distinctive purple flowers and white veins, which traditional. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. It usually develops slowly over a number of years and causes weak and fragile bones that break easily, even after minor falls. Thats an alarmingly high percentage, leaving roughly 1.1 million people of the 2.2 million OCD sufferers in the United States seeking alternative treatment options (2) and natural remedies. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Little is known about whether its safe to use milk thistle during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. And although milk thistle extract is commonly used as a complementary therapy for people with liver diseases, theres currently no evidence that it can prevent you from getting these conditions, especially if you have an unhealthy lifestyle. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. MeSH information submitted for this request. other information we have about you. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Further, while liver-related mortality was significantly reduced by milk thistle, this was not seen in any of the high-quality trials. The survey revealed anecdotal evidence of the improved quality of life among those who took milk thistle, despite having no measurable improvements in hepatitis symptoms like liver inflammation. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Some studies also show milk thistle may help people whose liver is damaged by industrial toxins, such as toluene and xylene. Epub 2013 Oct 14. Effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: systematic review with meta-analysis. eCollection 2023. Do not use this product without medical advice if you are pregnant. However, many of these potential benefits are not backed by science. Substances in milk thistle may reduce blood sugar, a concern for people living with diabetes. About curcumin, it isn't usually a problem but if you're on IMAOs you may like to read a bit before taking high doses. J Med Assoc Thai. Some people have nausea, diarrhea, itching, and bloating. Milk thistle may also be used for purposes not listed in this product guide. In fact, a recent review and analysis found that people routinely taking silymarin experienced a significant reduction in their fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1c, a measure of blood sugar control (44). Some medications have been known to interact with milk thistle negatively. 2020;37(4):1279-1301. doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01251-y, Seeff LB, Curto TM, Szabo G, et al. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. 1. https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/ocd-treatment/meds/, International OCD Foundation, Medications for OCD, By By Michael Jenike, MD, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 2. https://theoakstreatment.com/blog/ocd-facts-and-statistics/, The Oaks Treatment, OCD Facts and Statistics, Published June 18, 2018, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 3. https://www.psycom.net/ocd-medication-guide/, Psycom.net, OCD Medication Guide, By Kathleen Smith, PhD, Last Updated September 21, 2018, 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564545, Phtotherapy Research, Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future, Published October 24, 2010, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 5. https://www.drugs.com/npp/milk-thistle.html, Drugs.com, Milk Thistle, Last updated on Mar 1, 2019, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 6. https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-benefits-of-milk-thistle-88325, VeryWellHealth.com, The Benefits of Milk Thistle, By Kathee Wong, Updated March 08, 2019, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 7. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944711315000227, Phytomedicine, Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Milk thistle has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating heartburn, or seasonal allergy symptoms. 2018;8:65-74. doi:10.2147/PTT.S169333. It is possible to take too much, and liver toxicity has been observed in people with cancer taking silybin at very high doses (10 to 20 grams per day). Learn. To ensure quality and potency in your herbal remedies, why not grow your own? This article looks at the evidence to, Whats the life expectancy of someone with cirrhosis of the liver? Therefore, it is not known whether milk thistle or silymarin should be used to treat cirrhosis. Seeff, L.; Curto, T.; Szabo, G. et al. Milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, indigestion, and other conditions. Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Digestion and Depression . The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. Biomed Pharmacother. Neuroprotective potential of silymarin against CNS disorders: insight into the pathways and molecular mechanisms of action. The review went on to say that silymarin may be linked to lower rates of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and liver disease. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Silymarin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health, Silymarin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic, comprehensive, and critical review, Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Herbal/health supplements should be purchased from a reliable source to minimize the risk of contamination. However, one area of milk thistle research focuses on how it affects bone marrow, which contributes to overall bone health but also has implications in treating diseases like multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. Interestingly, one study found that people with acne who took 210 milligrams of silymarin per day for 8 weeks experienced a 53% decrease in acne lesions (42). Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. While not dangerous, it can cause scars. Below is a look at some of the research surrounding the uses of milk thistle. Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum) is an herbal remedy used mainly to protect and detoxify the liver. Research on milk thistle use for specific conditions shows: Milk thistle might play a role in treating certain liver conditions. Ebrahimpour, K.; Gargari, B.; Mobasseri, M. et al. Dosage and side effects. Review/update the 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16426. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416426. It may also make chemotherapy work more effectively against certain cancers and, in some circumstances, even destroy cancer cells (9, 29, 30, 31). Amyloid plaques are sticky clusters of amyloid proteins that can build up between nerve cells as you age. If youre pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your doctor before using milk thistle. JAMA. However, the review's authors warned that the quality of the studies was poor and that more research is needed before milk thistle should be recommended for use. Summary The active ingredients in milk thistle have been shown in animals to improve the effects of some cancer treatments. From aloe to honey, you might be surprised what basic ingredients can help improve breakouts. Liu HY, Wei HJ, Wu L, Liu SM, Tang YY, Zou W, Wang CY, Zhang P, Tang XQ. privacy practices. People have traditionally used milk thistle for problems with the liver and gallbladder . In a mini Review on the Chemistry and Neuroprotective Effects of Silymarin, published in 2017, researchers went so far as to say that silymarin promotes the inhibition of the inflammatory response generated during neurodegeneration.. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. However, this is the only clinical study available. Milk Thistle (and liver cleansing) has two workings: it supports the liver and it lowers the inactive rT3 in favour of the active T3. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Finally, those with hormone-sensitive conditions, including certain cancers, may need to avoid using milk thistle. Its herbal remedy is known as milk thistle extract. Reflux Risk and Relief View More . Hepatology. In some cases it may be useful in treating these cancers, but studies have yet to fully demonstrate the safety and efficacy of milk thistle use. Rev Diabet Stud. Other drugs may interact with milk thistle, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Its thought to work by making more of the milk-producing hormone prolactin. Overall, more high-quality research is needed to define the doses and clinical effects of this fascinating herb. Silibinin significantly attenuated anxiety/depression-like behaviors caused by A1-42-treatment as shown in tail suspension test (TST), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming tests (FST). Milk thistle is a flowering herb native to Europe but is also found in parts of the United States, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. Milk thistle often is used as a galactalogue, a food or supplement that people who are chest feeding take to improve milk production. A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. Longe, J., ed. Natural Medicines website. Milk thistle can cause an allergic reaction, including a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). These include: Summary Milk thistle is generally considered safe. 5 It was found that there was no significant difference between milk thistle and Prozac for OCD symptoms. People with diabetes should use caution. Milk thistle's main active component is silymarin which works by normalizing levels of both serotonin and dopamine. Not available for orders containing UltraNourish. ", National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM): "Milk Thistle," Herbs at a Glance: Milk thistle., Medicinenet.com: "Generic Name: Milk Thistle Oral.". Some people may be allergic to milk thistle. Take charge of your healthtalk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. By lowering LDL "bad" cholesterol levels, milk thistle may lower the chance of developing heart disease. Phytomedicine. It can be consumed in supplement form or as a tea. However, its currently unclear if it has the same beneficial effects in humans. Its also unknown what doses would need to be prescribed for it to have a beneficial effect (18). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Milk thistle is often sold as an herbal supplement. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. . Antidepressive Effect of Natural Products and Their Derivatives Targeting BDNF-TrkB in Gut-Brain Axis. Did you know that milk thistle has recently been touted as a natural remedy to help manage the debilitating symptoms of OCD? Summary Initial test-tube and animal studies have shown that milk thistle has some promising characteristics that could make it useful for protecting brain function. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver disorders and gallbladder problems. Milk thistle has long been utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent offering numerous benefits to our liver, cholesterol, cardiovascular health, menopause symptom relief, and even gallbladder disorders. Also known as Silybum marianum, milk thistle is a perennial herb native to many continents and countries across the globe, including Southern Europe, Southern Russia, Asia Minor, Northern Africa, and the Americas. Adv Ther. Neurological Disorders Milk thistle has long been used to alleviate the inflammation commonly associated with a host of neurological disorders such as dementia, Alzheimers, and Parkinsons Disease (8). Call your doctor if the condition you are treating with milk thistle does not improve, or if it gets worse while using this product. "It helps to clear out the toxins and nourish the organ," says Justice. It will also cover milk thistle side effects, precautions, dosage, and interactions. Fluoxetine (Prozac), for instance, clocks in at roughly $16 for 21 capsules if youre buying with the drugs.com discount card, but the side effects are often not as easy to swallow (3). Milk thistle extract has a high amount of silymarin (between 6580%) that has been concentrated from the milk thistle plant. . Anxiety; Autophagy; BDNF; Depression; Silibinin. This may be because people arent able to absorb enough to get a medicinal effect. As a liver support and liver aid, milk thistle acts as a powerful liver cleanser by rebuilding liver cells, reducing liver damage and removing toxins from the body that are processed through the liver. Not all possible interactions are listed in this product guide. The site is secure. Milk thistle is currently used for the treatment of toxin-induced liver injury, for its inhibition of progressive hepatic fibrosis and the prevention of cirrhosis, for its antifibrogenic effects in alcohol-induced cirrhosis and for modulation of insulin resistance. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. Eighteen clinical trials of 1,088 participants were assessed. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Alleviates Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Induced by D-Galactose and Aluminum Chloride. Careers. Borah A, Paul R, Choudhury S, Choudhury A, Bhuyan B, Das Talukdar A, Dutta Choudhury M, Mohanakumar KP. In 2010, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of milk thistle to the antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) in treating OCD (600 milligrams of milk thistle vs 30 milligrams of Prozac daily). Milk thistle can also be taken with cholesterol-lowering medications, like statins. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 2019;33(6):1627-1638. doi:10.1002/ptr.6361. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Song X, Zhou B, Zhang P, Lei D, Wang Y, Yao G, Hayashi T, Xia M, Tashiro S, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Neurochem Res. Summary One study has shown that people taking milk thistle supplements experienced a decrease in the number of acne lesions on their body. Taken in appropriate doses, oral use of milk thistle appears to be safe. Although some studies have shown positive results on milk thistle for people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the overall research does not show a benefit. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. eCollection 2022. However, there is no solid evidence that supports these claims. Risks. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Sep 29, 2022. Do not use this product without medical advice if you are breast-feeding a baby. Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. Some people are advised to be cautious when taking milk thistle. Large-scale, properly-designed studies are needed. In some studies, silibinin, an active component of milk thistle, has been shown to have estrogen-like effects. [Database subscription]. The silymarin extracted from milk thistle is known to have antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties (2, 3, 4). Small Business Research Grant Program (SBIR), About Research Training and Career Development, Training Grant Application, Review, and Award Process, Integrative Medicine Research Lecture Series, Division of Extramural Research Sponsored by NCCIH, Division of Intramural Research Conducted at NCCIH, Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact, Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article, How To Find Information About Complementary Health Approaches on PubMed, Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know. However, there is no solid evidence that supports these claims. 2014;11(2):167-74. doi:10.1900/RDS.2014.11.167, Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. When reported, side effects for milk thistle are generally gut disturbances like diarrhea, nausea or bloating. Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Fluoxetine is whats known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which aims to increase serotonin levels in the brain. 2012;308(3):274-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. Combining silybin with phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids enhances the absorption of milk thistle's active compounds, providing powerful liver health support. Therefore, it may be best to avoid milk thistle during these life stages. Int J Mol Sci. Join 45,000+ subscribers and receive the latest, useful and exclusive health and wellness articles, health tips, special offers and more - delivered direct to your inbox. Its not known whether milk thistle is helpful for other conditions. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes. 2020;34(6):1446-1454. doi:10.1002/ptr.6620. Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review. They are seen in very high numbers in the brains of people with Alzheimers disease, meaning that milk thistle could potentially be used to help treat this difficult condition (21). People sometimes eat the stem and leaves of milk thistle in salads. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. If you have diabetes, use milk thistle with caution, since the supplement might lower blood sugar. Learn more about natural remedies for type 2 diabetes. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Biomed Res Int. There is also concern that milk thistle might affect estrogen levels. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. 2. Tajmohammadi A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information onNCCIHand complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. Milk thistle is effective at naturally reversing toxicity in the body, including the harmful . 3 Milk thistle may change the way your liver metabolizes certain drugs, like blood thinners, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory medications. Milk thistle may cause an allergic reaction in those with allergies to plants in the same family, like ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy. Milk thistle is generally thought to be safe, but you still may experience side effects when taking it. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A study from 2012 confirmed that milk thistle might not have true beneficial effects on hepatitis C. In the study, patients who took silymarin, an active component of milk thistle, daily for 24 weeks had no significant improvements in liver enzymes or other measures compared to those who took the placebo. Milk thistle might also help prevent insulin resistance and slow the growth of cancer,. Satisfaction. More research is needed before a standard dosage of milk thistle can be recommended, so check with your healthcare provider. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. If you or anyone you know is living with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), proclaiming the symptoms of this mood disorder as debilitating is a vast understatement. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our. CNS Neurosci Ther. Milk thistle has not been shown to treat or prevent cancer or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment. There are no regulated manufacturing standards in place for many herbal compounds and some marketed supplements have been found to be contaminated with toxic metals or other drugs. 2014;97 Suppl 11:S31-S40. Substances in milk thistle may reduce blood sugar, a concern for people living with diabetes. What Are the Side Effects of Milk Thistle? Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. All rights reserved. This content does not have an English version. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Do not use extra milk thistle to make up the missed dose. Camini FC, Costa DC. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. 8600 Rockville Pike However, there is a lack of . Milk thistle is a safe supplement that shows potential as a complementary therapy for various conditions, including liver disease, cancer and diabetes. #1: Milk thistle detoxifies the liver. Milk thistle. Her work is regularly featured in media such as First For Women, Woman's World, and Natural Health. BDNF-TrkB pathway mediates antidepressant-like roles of H. New insights into BDNF function in depression and anxiety.
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