in different regions. We could continue this narrative, and we will continue to talk The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. These new leaders claimed legitimacy through shared lineage with the prophet Muhammad, through the prophets uncle, Abbas. For example, Islam initially spread through the military conquests of Arab Muslims, which happened over a very short period of time soon after the beginning of Islam. Muslim conquerors ordinarily wished to dominate rather than convert, and most conversions to Islam were voluntary. This is talking about killing [47] However, in the same time period, the number of Christians also grew in Africa, from 8.7 million in 1900 to 346 million in 2000, surpassing both the total population as well as the growth rate of Islam on the continent. For four months, the siege continued. However, the era that followed under the rule . [citation needed], Even before Islam was established amongst Indonesian communities, Muslim sailors and traders had often visited the shores of modern Indonesia, most of these early sailors and merchants arrived from the Abbasid Caliphate's newly established ports of Basra and Debal, many of the earliest Muslim accounts of the region note the presence of animals such as orang-utans, rhinos and valuable spice trade commodities such as cloves, nutmeg, galangal and coconut. When a translation is poorly done, those whose understanding of the original sacred text are filtered through the poor translation may get the wrong idea. As scholars compiled histories, laws, and philosophical treatises, the main schools of legal thought emerged. The early Muslims fled to the port city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia to seek protection from the Quraysh at the court of the Aksumite Emperor in present-day Ethiopia. The 13th-century Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta noted that the great mosque of Kilwa Kisiwani was made of coral stone (the only one of its kind in the world). When Arab Muslim armies conquered most of the Middle East and North Africa in the seventh century, many of the conquered peoples saw the Arabs' unending string of military victories as clear evidence of the reality and power of their one God, Allah. white period is before, according to Muslim traditions, that he started having 591 Words Conquest is usually used in reference to the establishment of some type of political control. [26] Both periods were also marked by significant migrations of Arab tribes outwards from the Arabian Peninsula into the new territories.[27]. The Watcher's ans, Posted 5 years ago. Conversion from pagan and polytheistic religions, however, was more difficult. Therefore, a knowledge of the Muslim conquest and loss of Spain is crucial to understanding the flow of information. When the Franciscan friar William of Rubruck visited the encampment of Batu Khan of the Golden Horde, who had recently (in the 1240s) completed the Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria, he noted "I wonder what devil carried the law of Machomet there". that, we have this text here from the American That was contrast to the regions in which the boundaries of the Muslim world contracted, such as the Emirate of Sicily (Italy) and Al Andalus (Spain and Portugal), where Muslim populations were expelled or forced to Christianize in short order. Since the 1960s, many Muslims have migrated to Western Europe. That might have meant controlling more land, but it was about power. It depends on the context and the manner in which the "new" serves better than "what came before.". As Islamic ideas and cultures came into contact with new societies, they were expressed in unique ways and ultimately took on diverse forms. Within a few years the Muslims had also conquered parts of Egypt to the South and Anatolia and Armenia to the North. But this mixture of motives combined to form a process that forged Islamic and Arab ideals and communities into a fast-growing religious and political identity. Arab or Turkish conquerors." One of the most quoted The transition between the rule of the Rashidun and the first Umayyads was full of strife. "In others, it appealed to your own primary resources. They expanded for both religious and political reasons, which was common at the time. Direct link to led's post How did Islam come to be , Posted 3 years ago. videos we have talked about the early history of Islam, which really revolves Analyzes how the appeal of the qur'an's messages resulted in the spread of islam. With the Delhi Sultanate established, Islam was spread across most parts of the Indian subcontinent. The Muslim conquests brought about the collapse of the Sassanid Empire and a great territorial loss for the Byzantine Empire. Military campaigns continued without pause. [54] After the Saffarids and Samanids, the Ghaznavids re-conquered Transoxania, and invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 11th century. Overview of the spread of Islam from the time of Muhammed to the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. "And kill them wherever you overtake them "and expel them from wherever There were still Muslims who could not flee from Mecca and were still oppressed because of their faith. Early Sufi missionaries settled in the region as early as the 8th century. more and more conversions. For instance, they represented Ali as the tenth avatar of Vishnu and wrote hymns as well as a mahdi purana in their effort to win converts. community, of the ummah, goes to the kalifs, and Jihad and War in Islam and Christianity revelation is believed, according to Islamic tradition, to have come down when the Muslims were actively being persecuted against the oppressors." killing disbelievers arbitrarily. In general, they were not forced to convert, but they suffered from restrictions. which is now dynastic, the Umayyad Caliphate, by That's clearly a critical view of this. A drawing showing a man practicing with a lance, a long weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed steel head, formerly used by a horseman in charging. Direct link to David Alexander's post The fight was mainly over, Posted 6 months ago. 55 6.3 DIFFUSION OF MAJOR RELIGIONS - Washington State University Following the decisive Battle of Yarmouk in 636, the former Byzantine states of Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon were conquered by the Muslim armies. According to the historian Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Bszrmny (Izmaelita or Ismaili/ Nizari) denomination of the Muslims who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 10th to 13th centuries, were employed as mercenaries by the kings of Hungary. Spread of Islam | World Civilization - Lumen Learning urban classes of the population, "or tribal communities. They protect Muslims and non-Muslims from injustice and give them the right to live and grow. Direct link to Yesenia's post How were non-Arabs treate, Posted 3 years ago. subjugated in most cases. When Zoroastrianism and Islam had a encounter resulted in the virtual disappearance of Zoroastrianism from Sassanid Empire. Muslim merchants from the Arabian Peninsula had to pass through these islands of the south via the maritime Silk Roads to reach China's ports. PDF A Brief History of Islam (The Spread of Islam) - ijbssnet.com Islam provides a blueprint for most aspects of life and as such, has often been associated with rapid expansion driven by military conquest. [59] It was, however, the subsequent expansion of the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent over the next millennia that established Islam in the region. Conversion to Islam also came about as a result of the breakdown of historically-religiously organized societies: with the weakening of many churches, for example, and the favouring of Islam and the migration of substantial Muslim Turkish populations into the areas of Anatolia and the Balkans, the "social and cultural relevance of Islam" were enhanced and a large number of peoples were converted. Ultimately, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, Sophronius, an ethnic Arab,[33] agreed to surrender Jerusalem to Umar in person. The conventional historical view is that the conquest of North Africa by the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate between CE647709 effectively ended Catholicism in Africa for several centuries. The military conquest was inspired by religion, but it was also motivated by greed and politics. One of the tricky things The religion of Islam demonstrates that only through the doing of good and the seeking of God's pleasure can one find true happiness, peace, and contentment-in this life and the hereafter. "But if they fight you, then kill them. Now on the other hand, those who are persecuting you. Islam did not begin with violence. or a Martin Luther King. [45] At other times, converts were won in conjunction with the propagation efforts of rulers. Indeed, it was the later Persian Safavid and Turkish Ottoman empires, neither of which was Arab, out of which the modern Islamic world was carved. That is a similar form, method Considerable controversy exists as to how conversion to Islam came about in the Indian subcontinent. "And if they cease, then indeed "God is forgiving and merciful. Lindley-Highfield, M. (2008) '"Muslimization", Mission and Modernity in Morelos: the problem of a combined hotel and prayer hall for the Muslims of Mexico'. As commerce grew in the region with the rest of the Muslim world, Islamic influence extended to the court even as the empires political power waned and so by the time Raja Kertawijaya converted in 1475 at the hands of Sufi Sheikh Rahmat, the Sultanate was already of a Muslim character. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Arab empire being established across three continents ( Asia, Africa, and Europe ), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. A page from a manuscript on Islamic law from Spain, first half of the 11th century. I'll leave it to you to decide. But the Arab military adventures do not seem to have been intended as a religious war of conversion. Islam traveled through these regions in many ways. Islam did a better job than the religions that preceded it in the areas where it took root. Another driving force for the change of the ruling class in the region was the concept among the increasing Muslim communities of the region when ruling dynasties to attempt to forge such ties of kinship by marriage. [9] Out of children born from 2010 to 2015, 31% were Muslim[10] and currently Islam is the world's fastest-growing major religion.[11][12][13]. Direct link to Havic Griffin's post where sufi triditon come , Posted 3 months ago. By the 16th century, most of the people of what are nowadays Iran and Azerbaijan had adopted the Shia branch of Islam through the conversion policies of the Safavids. Not only did the Islamic conquests continue during this period through North Africa to Spain and France in the West and to Sind, Central Asia and Transoxiana in the East, but the basic social and legal institutions of the newly founded Islamic world were established. Did War Spread Islam? - Synonym Despite the great mass of words, the full explanation for Muslim victory still eludes us. Caliphate | History, Empire, Meaning, & Definition | Britannica During the seventh century, after subduing rebellions in the Arabian peninsula, Arab Muslim armies began to swiftly conquer territory in the neighboring Byzantine and Sasanian empires and beyond. "[21], Only in subsequent centuries, with the development of the religious doctrine of Islam and with that the understanding of the Muslim ummah, would mass conversion take place. "And do not fight them This was followed by the powerful Ghurids and Timurids who further expanded the culture of Islam and the Timurid Renaissance, reaching until Bengal. To begin to understand the rich history of Islam, lets start with the historical context and events that led to Islams spread. Sometimes it was carried in great caravans or sea vessels traversing vast trade networks on land and sea, and other times it was transferred through military conquest and the work of missionaries. People who would defend this There is also evidence of religious pilgrimages after 850CE to tombs of Catholic saints outside of the city of Carthage, and evidence of religious contacts with Christians of Arab Spain. For centuries after the Arab conquest, European accounts of Arab rule in Iberia were negative. Women did contribute to Islam - in fact the first person to convert was the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH)own wife. The Abbasid caliphs at Baghdad (753-1242), as long as they ruled Syria, were also tolerant to Christians. The result, he points out, can be seen in the diversity of Muslim societies today, with varying manifestations and practices of Islam. Islamic influence first came to be felt in the Indian subcontinent during the early 7th century with the advent of Arab traders. Direct link to Matt Bowman's post Can someone explain what , Posted 4 years ago. [47][48], The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th to 9th century, brought to North Africa initially under the Umayyad Dynasty. Muhammad died in Medina (after his pilgrimage in Mecca on March, 632) by a brief illness on June 8, 632. God those who fight you." and spiritual motives "for conversion blended together." Im not 100% sure, however it is true that Islam was really effective when involving another religion to get more cultural and contextual beliefs. [68] Eventually, after numerous wars sapped its strength, the Mughal Empire was broken into smaller powers like Shia Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Kingdom of Mysore, which became the major Asian economic and military power on the Indian subcontinent. In contrast, Roman Catholics, while tolerated, were suspected of loyalty to a foreign power (the Papacy). During these hundreds of years and expansion of the Islamic Empire . Trade contributed to the spread of Islamic culture and led to a growing feeling of internationalism. They were regarded as the 'People of the Book', those who possessed a revealed scripture, or 'People of the Covenant', with whom compacts of protection had been made. [79] However, during the next three centuries these Buddhist, Shamanistic and Christian Turkic and Mongol nomads of the Kazakh Steppe and Xinjiang would also convert at the hands of competing Sufi orders from both east and west of the Pamirs. The people of the lands into which Islam expanded in those years were not without religion, but in Islam they found something that met their religious needs (which all human beings have) better than whatever they had previously believed. Muslim conquests - Wikipedia [citation needed] Figures such as Osama bin Laden and Abdallah Azzam have been crucial in these developments, as much as domestic and world politics.[32]. Abu Bakr took swift military action against the communities that wanted to break away. Through his death in this battle and his extended campaign, Uqbah became the legendary hero of the Muslim conquest of the Maghrib. This does not necessarily imply political or social organizations: Global Muslim identity does not necessarily or even usually imply organized group action. A painting depicting five men, one of whom has his face covered. On the side of religious tolerance, you have excerpts like this. A map depicting the extent of the Umayyad caliphate in 750 CE, which extended from Spain in the west to northern India in the East and covered northern Africa, southern Europe, Anatolia, and the Arabian Peninsula. [2] Trade played an important role in the spread of Islam in some parts of the world, such as Indonesia. Most of the significant expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to 661 CE, which was the reign of the first four successors of Muhammad. of not just the Koran, but including the Bible, which is believed to first be written in Aramaic, or the Old Testament, the Islam : Islam And The Power Of Islam - 1155 Words | Bartleby Men fought for their religion, the prospect of booty and because their friends and fellow tribesmen were also doing it. Their arrival coincided with a period of political weakness in the three-centuries-old kingdom established in the Iberian peninsula by the Germanic Visigoths, who had taken over the region after seven centuries of Roman rule. The Sixth Fatimid caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, 9961021, who was believed to be "God made manifest" by his most zealous Shii followers, now known as the Druze, destroyed the Holy Sepulchre in 1009. Direct link to David Alexander's post Man, that looks like a ho, Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Yoonzie's post Muhammad died in Medina (, Posted 3 years ago. Islam was just that much better. Direct link to David Alexander's post When a translation is poo. Significant conversion and cultural exchange did not occur during their short rule, nor were complex political institutions developed. Islamization of the Sudan region - Wikipedia Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world Fortunately the community immediately chose the Prophet's close companion and father-in-Law Abu Bakr, as his successor. So a critical view of this is saying, look, this is clearly people weren't going from being independent to being
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