2) Contagion stage - This is a period of rapid and uncontrolled growth in the number and variety of applications of the particular technology. Development & Gender - Ms. Silvius's AP Human Geography Answer: Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Six AP Human Geography No Stimulus Exam-Style FRQs Periphery areas. 3). Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about Unit 07 Vocabulary Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of political geography. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are large and powerful companies that are spread all around the world. Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. Answer: Environmental justice refers to the fair treatment of all people in terms of environmental decision-making and the distribution of environmental risks and benefits. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address resource distribution challenges is revenue sharing, where revenue from the extraction and sale of natural resources is shared between the government and local communities. the desire, ability, and willingness to buy a product, a. demand schedule hbbd```b``> "I0&HveL~`:LGMs\9 R*_" H4P$zEA"_00120M "?c Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of population growth is family planning programs, which aim to improve access to contraception and reproductive healthcare. Refer to the information in the first quick study of this chapter and assume the periodic inventory system is used. That statement would have been awarded one point. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change We can also look at development on a scale. Therefore, if you see any glaring errors or omissions, and wish to give me a heads-up, I can be reached via email at ppaccone@smusd.us. the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. Why would the use of the cash payback period for analyzing the financial performance of theatrical releases from a motion picture production studio be supported over the net present value method? Answer: Language can be used to promote cultural identity and unity by serving as a means of communication and connection among members of a particular culture or community. How close is the ttt-value to the corresponding zzz-value (at the bottom of the column for d.f. Hiking and backpacking: This type of ecotourism involves exploring natural areas on foot, often along trails or in wilderness areas. The core, places like most of Europe and North America, where standards of living are high and most of the worlds products are consumed; the semi-periphery, where most manufacturing centers are and where standards of living are extremely variable; and the periphery, where most raw resources are harvested and people are extremely poor. How does climate affect uneven development? Answer: Policies or programs designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage can include efforts to document endangered languages (i.e. Coffee is the product. Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. h. elastic demand. The idea that resources come from the periphery and go to the core. The effects of suburbanization are declining central city use, uneven development, declining park space, and pollution as suburban and urban sprawl both continue. An example of a historical push factor is the Irish potato famine, which led many Irish people to emigrate to other countries. It is recommended that you spend approximately one-third of your time (25 minutes) on each question. Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of population growth include increased urbanization and changes in family structure. Determine the costs assigned to the ending inventory when costs are assigned based on FIFO. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. Using development indicators or measures of development. For example, urban areas often provide more job opportunities than rural areas, but income inequality may also be higher in urban areas. This can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join by shaping cultural exchange and economic ties, such as through the creation of diaspora networks that facilitate trade and investment. Example: Nike, The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. Push factors are the reasons that people move away from a country. It is the transfer of products and goods between countries. Core areas. Ensure environmental sustainability. One of the stages of growth model, helping in the understanding of the role of information systems, in an organization's strategy and its maturity. Different countries around the world have different levels of development, which can directly affect the populations living in those countries. The consequences of uneven development are wealth disparities, health disparities and international migration. No country has this as main form of economics. The access to health, or the amount of comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Definition. The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period, usually one year. Uneven development describes the way development differs across the world, and takes place at different speeds. Fig. Percentage of a country's people who can read and write. In addition, the costs of some renewable energy technologies have decreased significantly in recent years, making them more competitive with non-renewable energy sources. It can show countries that may have rising economies or those which are becoming more industrialised. The fast world, as distinct from the slow world, is defined by high-level telecommunication and transportation technology. (B) Explain the difference between a nation and a state. Term. Births plus deaths divided by immigration B. Answer: Two economic consequences of urbanization include increased job opportunities and increased income inequality. (C) Explain how communication technology plays an important role in the goals of devolutionary groups and democracy movements. Gross National Product (GNP) It can take place in a variety of settings, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and coastal areas. For instance, migrants may send money back to their home countries, providing an important source of income, but they may also compete with local workers for jobs. *Projects are often labour intensive and for the benefit of the local community e.g building a well or repairing irrigation ditches. For example, the Kurdish people are a nation that is spread across several different states, while the United Kingdom is a state made up of several different nations. Example: traditional society, The middle grounds. Deindustrialization is the process of a region or country losing its industrial base and shifting towards a service-based economy. Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for these communities and help to preserve their cultural traditions. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. Economic gains can then vary, and economic growth is therefore relatively unreliable. Development gaps also exist within countries (uneven development) between rich and poor. Answer: A state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the use of natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The distribution of resources and access to resources has significant implications for economic development and quality of life. These sources are considered renewable because they are not depleted when used, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite resources that will eventually be depleted. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. Ecotourism can take place in a variety of natural and cultural settings around the world. a. d.f. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. Example: factory worker or refiner, Economic Sector (Services). What demographic equation is used to determine natural increase? An example of how it can be used to manipulate political outcomes is the drawing of congressional districts in the United States, where the boundaries of districts are often manipulated to create safe seats for one party or the other. Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. endstream endobj 439 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(Q.`;RvqL)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(VpKS% )/V 4>> endobj 440 0 obj <>>>/Lang(|VZT;p&p I]$y|k)/MarkInfo 463 0 R/Metadata 41 0 R/OpenAction 441 0 R/Outlines 60 0 R/Pages 436 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 441 0 obj <> endobj 442 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 443 0 obj <>stream Additionally, as populations grow, more land may be cleared for agriculture or urban development, leading to deforestation and loss of habitat. Aid is the transfer of money, goods and expertise to assist the development of LICs and improve the quality of life. Example: cutting down trees for houses, The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Reducing the development gap is vital for reducing uneven development. E) Analyze the relationship between population growth and resource consumption, providing at least one example of how population growth can impact resource consumption patterns. For example, the construction of the Panama Canal led to the development of a growth pole in Panama City, as the city became a major transportation hub for shipping goods between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Uneven development is a global issue. Example: Loans to countries in Sub Saharan Africa, Works to reduce barriers to international trade. One example of a growth pole is the development of a new port or transportation hub, which can create jobs and stimulate economic development in the surrounding region. Birdwatching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and identifying birds in their natural habitat. This can take the form of economic policies that favor the interests of foreign corporations and governments, or the use of military or diplomatic pressure to influence the domestic policies of a weaker country. It can provide opportunities for visitors to appreciate the beauty and diversity of natural environments and to learn about the local flora and fauna. Check out the video below whichshows how countries are pulling themselves out of poverty. Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. Answer: Language convergence refers to the blending of two or more languages into a new, hybrid language. (F) Explain how uneven development within a state can act as a centrifugal force. Each goal is accompanied by a set of specific targets and indicators to help measure progress. A) Define the concept of migration and provide one historical or contemporary example of a push factor and a pull factor that can lead to migration. An example of an environmental justice issue related to resource distribution is the disproportionate exposure of low-income and minority communities to pollution and environmental hazards, such as in areas with high concentrations of polluting industries. Provides loans to countries experiencing balance-of-payments problems that threaten expansion of international trade. an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. Promoting social equity: This can involve ensuring access to education, healthcare, and other basic services for all members of society. To help you organize your studies, we've provided concise summaries and key terms for each AP Human Geography unit. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. 5) Maturity stage Maturity - Perfection? These factories are often located in border regions, such as the maquiladoras located in Tijuana and Ciudad Jurez, which are near the border with the United States. 1) Traditional society - Based on subsistence farming, fishing, forestry, and some mining Example: Nepal, A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. Are you interested to find out how wealthy your family is compared to the rest of the world? Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as LDCs: Afghanistan Bangladesh Burkina Faso Cambodia Ethiopia Haiti Malawi Nepal Sierra Leone Tajikistan Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as MDCs: Australia Canada Japan Germany United States France United Kingdom South Korea Switzerland Sweden Having a coastline can mean that countries have good access to sea trade routes, as well as direct industries, such as fishing, which can improve economic growth. Cultural and heritage tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting cultural and historical sites and participating in local cultural activities. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Answer: Language has been used to maintain or challenge power structures by shaping the ways in which people communicate and understand the world around them. (E) Analyze the impact of globalization on state sovereignty, providing at least one example of how globalization has affected the power of the state. The development process takes place at different speeds. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography - Olympic High School How do we know if a country is developed? Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. They explore changes to places resulting from the growth or loss of industry and the role of industry in the world economy. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record Ameens 2016 income taxes. Language is a key aspect of cultural identity and is shaped by a variety of social, historical, and political factors. They can also be found if you zoom into a country at a regional, local and even city scale. APHUG (AP Human Geography) Midterm A - ProProfs Quiz For example, droughts and other extreme weather events can lead to crop failures, which can increase food prices and make it difficult for some people to access basic necessities. Answer: Assimilation refers to the process by which migrants adopt the cultural norms and values of their new communities. Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Sign up to highlight and take notes. Post-Fordist production is a term used to describe the shift away from mass production and towards more flexible, customized, and knowledge-intensive forms of production. endstream endobj startxref This can be visible in Mumbai, where the super-rich and those who reside in slums live nearby each other. Coastal and marine areas: These are areas along the coast or in the ocean that are rich in biodiversity and provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as snorkeling, diving, and whale watching. Example: US and Canada, Provides loans to countries to reform public administration and legal institutions, develop and strengthen financial institutions, and implement transportation and social service projects. 9E Q'bUU*C4I5d4Nf\Xg.=@$]g:*2w1>JPyX0V[{YNMp6O~tT(tU^BT|KN 4uGw"fZ#qQX%7?)?4R3= 2: Antilia Tower (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_19_Antilia_Tower.jpg) by A. Savin (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:A.Savin) Liense type: Free Art License (http://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en/). It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state. The Chancellor of Germany in the 1970s divided the world into the 'Rich North' and the 'Poor South', with a line that roughly circled the world at 30. The city has a diverse economy, with a mix of manufacturing, service, and technology industries. Reduce child mortality. For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. One effect of suburbanization is placelessness; this is the feeling that you are in the same place wherever you go because the landscape is homogenous like we discussed in Unit 1. 5) Age of mass consumption - People have more wealth and so buy services and goods (consumer society), welfare systems are fully developed, trade expands, 1). Answer: A nation refers to a group of people who share a common culture, history, and identity, while a state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. asituation whereby a nations economic structure is altered by a change in the political system, afunction of economic change whereby one nations economy flourishes at the expense of another nations economy, asituation whereby a nations political structure is altered by the changing nature of the economy, afunction of economic change whereby one region's economy flourishes at the expense of another regions economy. Rural and indigenous communities: These are small communities in remote areas that are often dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. One example of how globalization has affected the power of the state is the growth of supranational organizations like the European Union, which have the power to override certain decisions made by individual member states. Removing large debts that have built up over time. An example of its impact on language diversity is the spread of English as a global language, which has led to the loss of other languages and dialects. Check out the examples below to find out more. development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Answer: Population growth can impact resource consumption by increasing demand for resources such as food, water, and energy. Causes and consequences of uneven development The world has developed very differently across regions and by continent. fd.f. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as local context, support from government and civil society, and the involvement of the international community. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. Ecotourism is a type of tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. LICs typically only export one type of product, such as coffee, which can mean they become reliant on this. Find the unit price for each item listed. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. That is what this whole unit is about. In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except __________. Economic Sector (Consumer Services) usually thought of as a subset of quaternary. One example of such an organization is the United Nations, which is a global organization that seeks to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts between states. Let's take a look at some physical, economic, and historical causes of this uneven development. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address resource distribution challenges. Where is a good example of tourism helping to close the development gap? D) Analyze the relationship between globalization and resource distribution, providing at least one example of how globalization can impact the distribution of resources. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. It can provide opportunities to learn about the history and traditions of local communities and to appreciate the cultural diversity of different regions. The differences in development across the world, and how development takes place at different speeds. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. Renewable energy has several benefits over non-renewable energy sources. This can involve measures such as limiting the number of visitors, using low-impact transportation, and supporting local conservation and development projects. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is how much money a country makes in a year from its products or services. This is vastly uneven globally; let's take a look at some of the reasons why. Migration is a process that has significant cultural, social, economic, and political implications for both migrants and the communities they leave and join. The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit. They can provide a wide range of ecotourism opportunities, such as wildlife watching, hiking, and cultural tours. Its 100% free. C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. LICs often have poorer access to safe water and suffer from the Impact of Water Insecurity. Example: PPP between Mexico and the US, AP Human Geography Chapter 10 (Development) V, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. Have all your study materials in one place. The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. The back-wash effect can be best described as __________. Infant Mortality Rate is the number of children that die under the age of 1, per 1000 births. The free-response question no stimulus found there reads as follows: In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. Can teach locals new skills. It is a holistic approach that considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of development and seeks to balance these three pillars in a way that is equitable and sustainable over the long term. Many Latin American countries have a history of U.S. intervention and influence, and have implemented economic policies that favor U.S. interests, such as free trade agreements and privatization of state-owned enterprises. PDF AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Scoring Guidelines - College Board An example of language convergence is Spanglish, which combines elements of Spanish and English to create a distinct dialect that is used in some regions of the United States and Latin America. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology: generate more wealth than periphery process in the word economy. Includes research and development, finance, banking, real estate, insurance. The AP Human Geography test is two hours and 15 minutes long. The United States has uneven development and our ranking on the HDI drops when you account for wealth inequality. Warm climates make diseases like malaria or dengue fever more common, causing sickness, and reducing the workforce, limiting economic growth. Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces: AP Human Geography Crash Course
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