In the post-pandemic era, there are a lot more options for watching kabuki online too. This proves that the network with the ADA module achieves the best generation effect. 2022;10:58. Established in the 19th century, this lineage of actors has performed in various regions across Asia, Europe and North America since the 1920s. In general, serious and lyrical texts are performed to an erhuang melody and xipi tunes appear in brighter moments, though in such a large genre there are many other possibilities. Again, a great deep dive for diligent students of kabuki theater. Since kabuki dramas tend to be set in the past, performers usually wear kimono, Japanese traditional clothing. Todays kabuki actors are all male, but the art was created by a woman. A performance is typically divided into segments, one in the early afternoon and one in the early evening. 2019. p. 36283637, Lin TY, Dollr P, Girshick R, He K, Hariharan B, Belongie S. Feature pyramid networks for object detection. The lower the LPIPS score, the less the difference between the images. The three basic categories of vocal production technique are the use of breath, pronunciation, and special Beijing opera pronunciation. 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). This is because the real data distribution in GAN training will be disturbed by adding a data enhancement module. IEEE. For example, walking in a large circle always symbolizes traveling a long distance, and a character straightening his or her costume and headdress symbolizes that an important character is about to speak. The organic combination of Peking opera vocals and board styles forms a complete Peking opera singing system. Illustrated with specific patterns and colors, the The melodies played by the accompaniment mainly fall into three broad categories. Since \(p \in [0,1)\), specifies \({0} \le \alpha < p_{\max } < 1\), where \(p_{\max }\) is the maximum value of the intensity of the pseudo-sample added throughout the training process. The scenery on the Peking opera stage, usually in the xieyi style (a freehand expressionist style) or symbolic style, is mainly for enhancing and adding to the play. LPIPS represents the perceptual similarity between image blocks and is used to measure the difference between two images [29]. In the latter case, one finds that a majority of jingxi aria texts are based on series of couplets of 7 or 10 syllables each. YouTube is a treasure trove of classic kabuki pieces and vignettes all of which are available for free. 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Literally, kabuki means the art of song and dance, but performances extend well beyond these two elements. The generated images also have good visual effects, as shown in Fig. The generated images have achieved good results both in qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. When expressing a subdued mood and deep thought, such as a loss, sorrow, or melancholy, the tunes called 'Erhuang' are employed. 4. Because of this, certain regional forms of chamber music such as the Xiamen (Amoy) southern pipe, or nanyin (also called nanguan or nanyue) tradition survive in such locations as Taiwan, Manila, Singapore, and San Francisco. Percussion accompaniments also can be found in a similar style, as can larger ensemble scores, but both are more characteristic of 20th-century China. By using this website, you agree to our Leaving the many forms of vocal and theatrical music, it is appropriate to turn briefly to the instrumental. (48 files) Actors are trained to move and gesticulate using dance-like motions, meaning dance is an integral part of all kabuki plays. Zhang R, Isola P, Efros AA, Shechtman E, Wang O. IEEE 32nd international workshop on machine learning for signal processing (MLSP). Japanese moral ideals, both historically and today, rely heavily on the religious philosophies of Shinto, Buddhism, and Confucianism, which tend to emphasize qualities like devotion to ones elders and community. Suc Cultural To keep the output image in the same style as the example images, context loss is used to match the statistical distribution of \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{B}}}^{^{\prime}}\) and \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}}\) on the underlying feature map of VGG19. China was a Confucian society, and performers modeled for their audiences what good and evil looked like, how people were expected In this paper, the batch_size is set to 8 and the num_epochs is set to 50. The third is dance-acting. The similarity between the images generated by the image translation model and the real images is higher. Yan M, Lou X, Chan CA, Wang Y, Jiang W. A semantic and emotion-based dual latent variable generation model for a dialogue system. The transformation process is implemented by Eq. Tojuros style was perfect for romantic stories; Danjuros for bloody tales of war and conflict. Such an approach can form a new Peking opera facial mask style. On the other hand, the classification accuracy of the images generated by StyleGAN2 adding the data enhancement modules ADA and APA is much higher than that only generated by StyleGAN2. Vocal production in Beijing opera is conceived of as being composed of "four levels of song": songs with music, verse recitation, prose dialogue, and non-verbal vocalizations. Some of these images almost reach the quality of the original dataset images from the naked eye. 2022;13:188. 2019. p. 14951504, Park T, Liu MY, Wang TC, Zhu JY. 2021KFKT007), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Each segment is further divided into acts. LPIPS values of the generated images from different models. Like many regional opera forms, storytelling is often performed on temporary street stages and is eclectically creative. Peking Opera is a harmonious combination of the Grand Opera, ballet and acrobatics, consisting of dance, dialogue, monologues, martial arts and mime. would know that the situation is a similar moment of confusion, but probably most would not know that the pattern is named the scattering hammer (luanchui). According to the evaluation of the Peking Opera Facial Masks Expert Group, the Peking opera facial masks generated by a series of improved StyleGAN2 models and CoCosNET models studied in this paper are in line with the traditional masks making standards in color and spectrum. Many modern kabuki techniques and performers are directly descended from original methods and historical actors, leaving this artform largely unchanged for centuries. Kanadahon Chushingura (Treasury of Loyal Retainers) - A jidaimono based on the famous tale of the 47 Ronin, a true story about a band of samurai who avenge their murdered masters death before committing ritual suicide. Peking Opera combines singing, reciting or spoken word, acting, and martial arts. By the same token, a jingxi audience hearing the large gong played alone in the rhythm. In addition to all the instruments mentioned above, many others may be found. Each new generation adds a number to the end of their namecontemporaries include Ichikawa Danjuro XII and Sakata Tojuro IV (whose lineage was broken for over 200 years before recently undergoing a revival). The 'Wenchang', or civil division, which is mainly there to accompany the singing, features instruments such as the 'Jinghu' (a high-pitched bowed, string instrument), the 'Yueqin' (or 'moon zither', a string instrument with a round body), and the 'Pipa' (a 4-stringed, plucked instrument). Picture that being told through the sensual maelstrom of live kabuki. Similar to the loss function of the general GANs, the main purpose of adversarial loss is to make the generated images belong to the B domain and improve the quality of the generated Peking opera facial masks. Stage decorations are lavish and typically include complex machinery. Jingxi is also characterized by colourful costumes and striking character-identifying makeup as well as acrobatic combats and dances. See the performance schedule here. The loss corresponding to this step is the loss of domain alignment: After converting both the sketches in domain A and the references in domain B to domain W, the relationship between \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{W}}}\) and \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{W}}}\) is found. Part of GREEK THEATER NEOCLASSICAL THEATE ROMAN THEATER BAROQUE THEATER ROMANTIC THEATER MEDIEVAL THEATER RENAISSANCE THEATER. Peking Opera started during the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty, and its predecessor was the opera troupe ( Anhui opera troupe in China). 5. Address: 198 Nakanomachi, Shijodori Yamatooji Nishiiru, Higashiyama, Kyoto (see map), Website: shochiku.co.jp/play/theater/minamiza. Since the hand-drawn and computer-drawn images differ in color and detail, there is no duplication problem, so the two are finally combined to get a total of 1782 raw data. Address: 1-1-19, Dotonbori, Chuo-ku, Osaka (see map), Website: shochiku.co.jp/play/theater/shochikuza. One skill may take precedence at certain moments during a play, but this does not mean that other actions should cease. In terms of image generation, the Peking opera facial masks generated by StyleGAN2 and the model improved by three different data enhancement methods have This allows the performer to produce a very dry, sharp sound. In this paper, the Peking opera facial masks in the original dataset are classified into seven categories according to different primary colors. Zhang H, Sindagi V, Patel VM. Dialogue is the complement of singing which is full of musical and rhythm sensation. chinese traditional opera peking characters five 2020;2020:2. What is Kabuki? Kabuki dramas sometimes include educational elements or attempt to provoke thought, but the main focus is on the cumulative sensory experience of witnessing the full visual spectacle come to life. International Conference on Education and Management (ICEM). The first is the aria. At that time, with the development of social economy and the rise of traditional Chinese opera Kun Opera, literati and wealthy merchants from across the country set up their own theater troupes. WebThe Peking Opera mix brought together familiar opera excerpts, which were performed by famous artists in China. IEEE. is the parameter that need to be learned. We can see that the method used in this paper is significantly better than SPADE. Intelligent generation of Peking opera facial masks with deep learning frameworks. Their performances are even including the elements of the In most arias each sentence is separated by an instrumental interlude. Namely, it was the introduction of abstractionism in the West in lieu of more realistic styles of storytelling that had the artistic imprint of kabuki. The colors and lines of SPADE generated images are messy. PMLR. 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Many performances deal with behaviors that occur in daily life. Kabuki is also thought to have influenced Western theater since it was introduced to colonial travelers in the late 1800s. To begin to appreciate a Peking Opera show, you need to have some idea of the signs and symbolism that are built into every aspect of the show. , t in this Learning activity sheet. The transfer learning technology is used to modify the output category of the classification layer. d images generated by Diffusion-GAN. The third is dance-acting. The arias of Beijing opera can be further divided into those of the Erhuang and Xipi varieties. Songs accompanied by a drum (dagu) are the best-known. With James R. Brandons Kabuki: Five Classic Plays, you can read in English some of the best stories to take to the kabuki stage. 2022;10:135. In addition, because the dataset used in this paper does not annotate the Peking opera facial masks in fine chunks, but directly extracts the overall line drawings of the images, the process of coloring will lead to color mixing in some areas of some images (The part marked with red boxes in Fig. (6) can be directly back-propagated to the generator. where \(\omega_{l}\) controls the relative importance of layer \(l\). \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{B}}}^{^{\prime}}\) is the image of \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{B}}}\) after geometric deformation. The conception of a sliding scale of vocalization creates a sense of smooth continuity between songs and speech. When asked by his friend and admirer, the author Alex Kerr, Why did you want to become [a kabuki] actor?, Tamasaburo V answered, Because I longed for a world of beauty beyond my reach. Perhaps this best contextualizes why, after all these years, young actors still yearn to join the archaic world of kabuki. The image cross-domain communication network can accurately correspond to the semantic relationship between Peking opera facial masks sketches and color references so that the generated images will have the characteristics of real Peking opera facial masks. KID calculates the square of the maximum average difference between the feature representation of the real images and the feature representation of the generated images. Atlantis Press. With proper learning, it is possible to obtain \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}}\) by transforming into A domain. Intelligent generation of Peking opera facial masks with deep learning frameworks, $$L_{D} = - {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{x}}\sim p_{{\text{r}}} }} [g_{1} (D_{\theta } (T({\mathbf{x}})))] - {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} }} [g_{2} (D_{\theta } (T(G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}))))],$$, $$L_{G} = {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} }} [g_{2} (D_{\theta } (T(G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}))))],$$, $$rt = {\text{E}}[{\text{sign}}(D{\text{train}})]$$, $$\begin{aligned} \lambda_{t} =& \quad {\text{\rm E}}({\text{sign}}(D_{{{\text{real}}}} )) \\ =& \quad {\text{\rm E}}({\text{sign}}({\text{logit}}(D({\mathbf{x}})))) \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$\begin{aligned} \mathop {\min }\limits_{G} \mathop {\max }\limits_{D} V(G,D) &= (1 - \alpha ){\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{x}}\sim p_{{\text{r}}} ({\mathbf{x}})}} [\log D_{\theta } ({\mathbf{x}})] \\ & \quad+ \alpha {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} ({\mathbf{z}})}} [\log D{}_{\theta }(G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}))] \\ & \quad + {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} ({\mathbf{z}})}} [\log (1 - D_{\theta } (G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}})))] \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$\begin{aligned} \hfill \mathop {\min }\limits_{G} \mathop {\max }\limits_{D} V(G,D) &= {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{x}}\sim p_{{\text{r}}} ({\mathbf{x}}),t\sim p_{\pi } ,{\mathbf{y}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}{|}{\mathbf{x}}{,}t)}} [\log D_{\theta } ({\mathbf{y}},t)] \\ \hfill & \quad + {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} ({\mathbf{z}}),t\sim p_{\pi } ,{\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{g}}} \sim q({\mathbf{y}}|G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}),t)}} [\log (1 - D_{\theta } ({\mathbf{y}}{\text{g}},t))] \\ \end{aligned}$$, \(\forall t \in \{ 1, \cdot \cdot \cdot ,T\}\), \({\mathbf{y}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}|{\mathbf{x}},t)\), \({\mathbf{y}}{\text{g}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}|G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}),t)\), \({\mathbf{y}}{\text{g}} = \sqrt {\overline{a}t} G_{\theta } ({\mathbf{z}}) + \sqrt {(1 - \overline{a}t)} \sigma \varepsilon ,\varepsilon \sim {\rm N}(0,I)\), \(\overline{a} t = \prod\limits_{i = 1}^{t} {ai}\), $${\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{W}}} = F_{{{\text{A}} \to {\text{w}}}} ({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}} ;\theta_{F} ,{\text{A}} \to {\text{W}}),$$, $${\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{W}}} = F_{{{\text{B}} \to {\text{w}}}} ({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}} ;\theta_{F} ,{\text{B}} \to {\text{W}}),$$, $$L_{{{\text{domain}}}}^{{_{{}} }} = \left\| {F_{{{\text{A}} \to {\text{W}}}} ({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}} ) - } \right.\left.
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