I further thank seminar participants at Heidelberg University (2016), the AERE Summer Conference in Breckenridge (6/2016), the EAERE Meeting in Zurich (06/2016), the BBQ Workshop in Salzburg (07/2016), the Geospatial Analysis of Disasters: Measuring Welfare Impacts of Emergency Relief Workshop in Heidelberg (07/2016), the Oeschger Climate Summer School in Grindelwald (08/2016), the Conference on Econometric Models of Climate Change in Oxford (9/2017), the Impacts World Conference in Potsdam (10/2017), and the 8th Annual Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Workshop in Sustainable Development at Columbia University (04/2018). The underlying calculations for these numbers are as follows: agricultural damage: 91/1027 = 0.0886, population damage: 82/1035 = 0.0801. To demonstrate the average intersectoral connections within my sample, Fig. Econometrica 49(6):14171426, Noy I (2009) The macroeconomic consequences of disasters. Figure 8 reveals some patterns that are not visible on the aggregate level. Likewise, the contemporaneous, non-significant effect for the remaining sectors can be explained as a result of lower vulnerability and/or efficient recovery measures, which attenuate the potentially negative effect of tropical cyclones. Other basins have different names for the same phenomenon: tropical cyclone. To address the varying economic exposure of affected areas, studies have used population (Strobl 2012), nightlight intensity (Heinen etal. Therefore, they take 5-year averages of the number of affected people normalized by the total population as main explanatory variable. 2012). In addition, they can also have a significant impact on the national economy, particularly in countries like India where a large proportion of the population is dependent on agriculture. - 103.17.108.37. Finally, I test two sub-samples, one with all potential outliers and one where I include only the countries exposed to tropical cyclones.Footnote 32. In the years following a tropical cyclone, the majority of sectors experience negative growth effects. Effects of tropical cyclone damage on sectoral GDP growth compared to sample average. Cyclone Nivar and its Impact | Civils360 IAS In response to this, numerous studies of databases1 from around the world have been undertaken to examine the factors responsible for this increase. In contrast, for the agricultural sector, it would be misleading to take a nighttime light or a population weight, since these areas have a rather low population density. A tropical cyclone is a low pressure system that develops over tropical waters, characterized by high winds and heavy rain. A one standard deviation strong event has a probability of 8.9% among events above zero for agricultural damage and 8% for population damage.Footnote 16, Heatmap of InputOutput coefficient averages, 19902015. (2012) demonstrate that only the agricultural sector is negatively affected. These factors are a decrease in the forward speed of a storm, increased intensity, and more water vapor in the atmosphere. Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane that caused catastrophic damage in the Carolinas in September 2018, primarily as a result of freshwater flooding due to torrential rain. Environmental impacts caused by Hurricane Florence https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s352601.html, Nguyen CN, Noy I (2019) Measuring the impact of insurance on urban earthquake recovery using nightlights. Earth Syst Sci Data 9(2):927953, Klomp JG, Valckx K (2014) Natural disasters and economic growth: a meta-analysis. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Environmental impacts of Hurricane Florence flooding in eastern North Within the agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing sectors, the negative effects become less pronounced with a zero effect being present after fouryears, while the wholesale, retail trade, restaurants, and hotels sectoral aggregate experiences a persistent negative growth even after 20years. 2020). Originating from a tropical wave over West Africa, Florence quickly organized upon its emergence over the Atlantic Ocean. What are 3 impacts of tropical cyclones? Economica 25(97):5864, Grger A, Zylberberg Y (2016) Internal labor migration as a shock coping strategy: evidence from a typhoon. Distribution of tropical cyclone damage, 19702015. 2019). Eur Econ Rev 101:441458, Chhibber A, Laajaj R (2008) Disasters, climate change and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa: lessons and directions. Latent Heat and Its Impact on Tropical Cyclones. Unraveling the Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Economic Sectors Worldwide: Direct and Indirect Impacts, $$\begin{aligned} S_{g} = {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \max (0, ((M - abs(T)) * \frac{R}{D}^\frac{3}{2} *e^{1-\frac{R}{D}^\frac{3}{2}})+T),&{} \text {if }D<10*R \text { from center to outer core} \\ 0, &{} \text {if }D>10*R \text { out of radius}. The results of the InputOutput analysis, summarized in Appendix A.6.2, are a little less robust. In a similar manner, Mohan and Strobl (2017) find evidence that a positive growth effect of the construction sector, financed by international aid or government programs, lead to a fast recovery of South-Pacific Islands after tropical cyclones.Footnote 27, Significant effects of tropical cyclone damage on disaggregated InputOutput coefficients. (2019) show that indirect impacts are nearly as high as direct impacts. 18. 1.Environment . Concurrently, the construction sector demands significantly more input (1.84%) from the agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing sector. Other studies analyze the disasters impact on single sectors, such as the agricultural (Blanc and Strobl 2016; Mohan 2017) or the manufacturing sector (Bulte etal. Stagnant water can cause the spread of disease, and transportation or communication infrastructure may have been destroyed, hampering clean-up and rescue efforts. The cross-sectoral dependence is most pronounced for the manufacturing (D) and other activities (JP)sectoral aggregates. After controlling for country and time specific effects, my estimation approaches allow for a causal identification of the direct and indirect responses to tropical cyclones damages with only little assumption needed (Dell etal. However, the InputOutput analysis shows that production processes are sticky and indirect economic effects are limited. How Tropical Cyclone Eloise Impacted the Economy Furthermore, one can argue that only countries exposed to tropical cyclones are relevant for this analysis; therefore, Table 36 provides a regression of the main result for exposed countries only. The sixth named storm, third hurricane, and the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season, Florence originated from a strong tropical wave that emerged off the west coast . Ecol Econ 107:333346, Le Cozannet G, Modaressi H, Pedreros R, Garcin M, Krien Y, Desramaut N (2013) Storm surges. The other proportional shares on total GDP are: Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants, hotels (15%); agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (14%); mining and utilities (10%); transport, storage, communication (8%). This is not surprising since the manufacturing (D) sector needs a lot of input materials from other sectors (Sieg etal. J Infrastruct Syst 7(1):112, Hallegatte S, Przyluski V (2010) The economics of natural disasters: concepts and methods. Asterisks and color intensities indicate p values according to: ***\(p<0.01\), **\(p<0.05\), *\(p<0.1\). Excellent proofreading was provided by Jamie Parsons and Harrison Bardwell. Econ Syst Res 25(1):2049, Lenzen M, Malik A, Kenway S, Daniels P, Lam KL, Geschke A (2019) Economic damage and spillovers from a tropical cyclone. About 12 hours before Hurricane Florence makes an appearance, both of Duke Energy's North Carolina plants will shut down. Moreover, extreme damaging tropical cyclones are relatively rare. Furthermore, I cluster the standard errors at broader regional levels to account for the event that tropical cyclones can also affect neighboring countries within one region.Footnote 31 Additionally, I control for the yearly tropical cyclone frequency per year, I test a different damage variable (mean instead of maximum cubed wind speed per year), and include tropical cyclone basin fixed-effects in further robustness tests. These empirical studies all share that they use firm-level data to draw conclusions on upstream and downstream production disruptions. 2.Economy 3.People /communities 2014). The underlying tables are only included for the direct sectoral effects, while the robustness tables for the InputOutput analysis are available upon request. In order to design effective mitigation and adaptation disaster policies to this threat, it is important to understand the economic impact of natural disasters. At the same time, other sectors demand more from the manufacturing sectors, resulting in a zero aggregate negative effect for them. How did the tropical cyclone Florence impact the following ? For large weather systems, the circulation pattern is in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. First, I only use the damage fraction due to maximum wind speed of tropical cyclones. (Color figure online). J Dev Econ 88(2):221231, Onuma H, Shin KJ, Managi S (2020) Short-, medium-, and long-term growth impacts of catastrophic and non-catastrophic natural disasters. How Tropical Cyclone Eloise Impacted the Environment In coastal areas, storm surges can lead to flooding, the destruction of infrastructures and buildings, the erosion of shorelines, and the salinization of the vegetation (Terry 2007; Le Cozannet etal. In the sample used, 70% of all grid-points are hit once by a tropical cyclone per year, whereas 20% are hit twice and 10% more than twice. The tests are conducted with the STATA command parmest (Newson 1998). \end{array}\right. } Notes This figure shows the significant effects of a one standard deviation increase in tropical cyclone damage on the respective InputOutput coefficient. Cyclone Ingrid - Wikipedia On the other hand, EORA26 works continuously on quality check reports and compares its result to other InputOutput databases such as GTAP or WIOD.Footnote 13.
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