| Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Rule by dictators has taken several different forms. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, The Power of the Federal Judiciary: Sources & Consequences, Totalitarian Government | Characteristics & Examples. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. Speaking on May Day, he said, "Today our working-class . There are three main characteristics of a dictatorship. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. [136] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. Articles on Dictatorship. Dictatorship News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation The Pern regime, for example, was established by nationalistic army officers committed to a program of national reform and ideological goals. While royal rule, as legitimized by blood descent, had almost vanished as an effective principle of government in the modern world, monocracya term that comprehends the rule of non-Western royal absolutists, of generals and strongmen in Latin America and Asia, of a number of leaders in postcolonial Africa, and of the totalitarian heads of communist statesstill flourished. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/dictatorship, dictatorship - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), dictatorship - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Often, too, 20th-century dictators in Latin America allied themselves with a particular social class, attempting either to maintain the interests of established economic groupings or to press social reforms. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. The Kim family, specifically Supreme Leaders Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, has ruled North Korea since 1948. Whether as presidential dictatorships or as military dictatorships, the regimes that came into being appear to have had common roots in the social and economic problems of the new state. Nicolas Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician and has been the president of Venezuela since 2013. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. While the term has been used several times throughout history, most common usage of the term is in relation to different types of dictatorships that existed in the 20th and 21st centuries. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 150,000 protest Israeli judicial reform, Spanish PM voices support [128] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. International Retailing Strategy & Operations, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, Financial Accounting: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Business Law: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Human Resource Management: Certificate Program, Human Resource Management: Help and Review, College Macroeconomics: Homework Help Resource, Introduction to Macroeconomics: Help and Review, UExcel Business Ethics: Study Guide & Test Prep, Principles of Business Ethics: Certificate Program, DSST Computing and Information Technology Prep, Create an account to start this course today. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. Although the term oligarchy is rarely used to refer to contemporary political systems, the phenomenon of irresponsible rule by small groups has not vanished from the world. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. Dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries, & Facts Example: Dictators frequently use psychological manipulation. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you With the decline and disappearance in the 19th and 20th centuries of monarchies based on hereditary descent, dictatorship became one of the two chief forms of government in use by nations throughout the world, the other being constitutional democracy. [144] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism. In the Roman Republic, the title "dictator" was temporarily given to an individual to deal with state crises and emergencies. Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna in Mexico and Juan Manuel de Rosas in Argentina are examples of such leaders. A dictatorship is an authoritarian style of government in which one leader has complete control over the country. What Is a Dictatorship? - Reference.com Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Unfortunately, dictatorships seldom usher in a nation's prosperity. When a cyclone swept over the country, killing hundreds of thousands and leaving millions without food or shelter, the country's military dictatorship blocked humanitarian aid from reaching the people until it could hold a sham election. [137] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Unitary Government Examples, Pros & Cons | What is a Unitary Government? These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. [143], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. Synonyms: Caesarism , Stalinism , absolutism , authoritarianism , despotism , monocracy , one-man rule , shogunate , totalitarianism , tyranny Types: police state a country that maintains repressive . The dictatorship is opposed to the democratic system of government. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Lesley has taught American and World History at the university level for the past seven years. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. Leadership Types and Styles: Help & Review, What is a Leader? President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has inaugurated Turkey's first nuclear power plant via video link in his first public appearance since falling ill on live TV Tuesday night. The dictatorships that resulted proved highly unstable, and few of the individual dictators were able to satisfy for long the demands of the different groups that supported their bids for power. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. The general population has no say in the functioning of the government. What Type Of Government Does Russia Have? - WorldAtlas Russia has all the working parts of a democratic state, but since Putin took power, experts believe these working parts have been made to serve him and those close to him. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez spoke out in support of the Israeli judicial reform protests in a video that was screened at the anti-judicial reform demonstrations in Tel Aviv on Saturday . A nation, government, or form of government in which absolute power is wielded by a dictator. Corrections? In the contemporary world, in some countries that have not experienced the full impact of industrialization, governing elites are still often recruited from a ruling classa stratum of society that monopolizes the chief social and economic functions in the system. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. List Of Dictatorship Countries & Countries Ruled by Dictator - Ranker The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The figure who embodies this dictatorship is obviously the dictator and this always represents the maximum hierarchy and authority for all things related to the development of a society. Make a poster, chart, or some other type of graphic organizer that shows the methods dictators use to control their people. dictatorship summary | Britannica Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. The ruler of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Definition of Dictatorship Noun Absolute, imperious, or haughty power or control. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. Meaning of Dictatorship. succeed. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. See examples of ancient and modern dictatorships. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. A dictatorship is a form of government where one person, or a small group of individuals, can make decisions without effective constitutional limitations. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! Totalitarianism | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. They are not held accountable for their actions and are free to do as they please, even limiting citizens' freedom and rights, including: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the rule of one person or a small group of people who have no checks and balances on their power. [135] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. [134], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Learn the definition of a dictatorship and its main characteristics. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaid is right: U.S. must get In a dictatorship, the dictator has. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. Origin 1540-1580 Middle English < Latin dicttor (dictator + ship) What is a Dictatorship [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. In the Aristotelian classification of government, there were two forms of rule by the few: aristocracy and its debased form, oligarchy.
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